Loj Fais Fab Transformer Faults: Diagnosis & Analysis (100 MVA, 132/22 kV) - Ntu 3

1. Vim li cas Transformer Faults teeb meem hauv High-Voltage Systems

 

 

100 MVA 132 kV fais fab mov transformerstau xa los ntawm Scotech Electrical rau Malaysia thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2025 rau TikTok data center project. Kab lus no, npaj los ntawm Scotech, tshwj xeeb yog tsim los rau cov engineers, cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab kev txiav txim siab- cov neeg ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj hauv 100 MVA chav kawm, tsom mus rau qhov tseeb -world transformer fault diagnosis, transformer troubleshooting, tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm, thiab transformer tsis ua hauj lwm tsom xam. Related reference rau installation theem ntsiab lus teb:Ua ntej-Installation Checklist Guide

Fais fab loj transformers, xws li 100 MVA 132/22 kV units, yog ib qho tseem ceeb infrastructure Cheebtsam. Fais fab transformer faults nyob rau hauv xws li systems muaj peev xwm muaj qhov system-tshaj qhov tshwm sim, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam fais fab, cov ntaub ntawv chaw nres tsheb, thiab cov khoom puas tsuaj loj. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, kev ua tsis tiav yuav cuam tshuam txog hluav taws kub, hluav taws xob tsis raug, thermal overloading, kev puas tsuaj ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Kab lus no piav qhia yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas, txheeb xyuas, thiab teb rau cov qauv hloov pauv tsis ua haujlwm raws li kev tiv thaiv tiag tiag thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw.

2. Hom Transformer Faults

 

Transformer tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev tshawb nrhiav qhov txhaum ntawm qhov hloov pauv.

2.1 Internal Electrical Faults

Cov faults no feem ntau loj heev thiab yuav tsum tau kho tam sim transformer teeb meem.

Tej yam ua rau muaj xws li:

• Winding luv luv Circuit Court (inter-tig los yog theem- rau-theem)
• Core grounding faults
• Ib feem tso tawm sab hauv rwb thaiv tsev system

Cov no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub zog transformer tsis ua haujlwm ua rau thiab feem ntau pom los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib txawv.

2.2 Thermal Faults

2.3 Rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua haujlwm

Rwb thaiv tsev degradation yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntev - lub sij hawm tsis ua hauj lwm mechanisms nyob rau hauv transformer fault diagnosis.

Tej yam ua rau:

• Roj- ntawv aging
• Moisture ingress
• Hluav taws xob kev nyuaj siab

Cov xwm txheej no feem ntau ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis raug kuaj xyuas lub tswb ntawm DGA systems.

2.4 Mechanical thiab Structure Faults

Cov teeb meem siv tshuab feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev thauj mus los, kev co, lossis kev ua haujlwm ntev -.

Piv txwv:

• Kev hloov pauv winding
• Clamping loosening
• Cov qauv kev co txawv txav

Cov no kuj yog ib feem ntawm transformer tsis ua hauj lwm hom pom nyob rau hauv teb transformer teeb meem.

3. Kev tiv thaiv-Raws li Transformer Fault Diagnosis

 

Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv yog thawj thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tiv thaiv txheej hauv kev kuaj xyuas qhov txhaum ntawm transformer. Thaum muaj teeb meem kev tiv thaiv tshwm sim, engineers yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb nws puas yog qhov txhaum sab hauv lossis sab nraud.

3.1 Kev tiv thaiv kev sib txawv

Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txawv tiv thaiv ua haujlwm, nws feem ntau suav hais tias yog qhov siab - kev ntseeg siab sab hauv kev ua txhaum.

Tej yam ua rau muaj xws li:

• Inter-tig lossis theem-rau-theem winding txhaum
• Kev rwb thaiv tsev hnyav hauv lub tank transformer
• Core grounding los yog txawv txav core ncig tam sim no

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau loj fais fab transformers (xws li 100 MVA units siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw substations), txawv kev tiv thaiv kev ua hauj lwm yog kho raws li ib tug tseem ceeb kaw qhov chaw.

 

Teb teb logic:

• Tshawb xyuas kev tiv thaiv teeb liab sib xws (relay + saib xyuas qhov system)
• Tshawb xyuas qhov luv luv - cov pov thawj hauv Circuit Court (kom tsis suav nrog kev sib koom ua haujlwm tsis raug)
• Tshawb xyuas cov roj to, deformation, lossis suab nrov txawv txav
• Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug thiab cov ntaub ntawv waveform

Feem ntau, tam sim no transformer cais yuav tsum tau.

3.2 Buchholz Relay (Gas Relay)

Buchholz relay yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau cov roj -immersed transformers, tsim los xyuas cov kev ua txhaum sab hauv thaum ntxov los ntawm kev sib xyaw roj thiab cov roj ntws.

Rau lub teeb ceeb toom roj teeb, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv cheeb tsam feem ntau suav nrog kev sau cov qauv roj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw, ua cov tshuaj yaj yeeb yaj kiab (DGA), thiab tshuaj xyuas cov roj theem thiab qhov kub thiab txias los ntsuas seb qhov txawv txav puas tsim los yog ruaj khov.

 

Rau cov pa hnyav mus txawv tebchaws, kev kaw tam sim ntawm lub transformer yog pom zoo. Tom qab kev sib cais, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws DGA yuav tsum tau ua tiav, lub relay chamber yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam rau cov roj tsub zuj zuj los yog cov neeg kho tshuab tsis zoo, thiab cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom zoo los txiav txim seb hom thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov txhaum sab hauv.

 

3.3 Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (PRD)

Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Ua Haujlwm ua haujlwm thaum lub tank sab hauv lub siab nce nrawm dhau qhov kev txwv tsim kev nyab xeeb. Cov xwm txheej no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm siab - lub zog sab hauv, xws li cov teeb meem sab hauv arc, winding lossis lead short circuits, lossis cov roj tawg sai uas ua rau muaj roj ntau.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm engineering, PRD kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog qhov qhia tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev hloov pauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv loj MVA units uas txhaum lub zog tso tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb.

 

Hauv kev xyaum ua haujlwm, qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum raug kho raws li qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas seb puas muaj lwm yam kev tiv thaiv xws li kev tiv thaiv kev sib txawv lossis Buchholz relay, kuj tau ua haujlwm, thiab tshuaj xyuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau cov paib ntawm cov roj tawm, lub tank deformation, lossis kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tshuab. Kev kaw tam sim ntawd thiab kev sib cais hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau npaj los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv lossis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb.

4. Tej xwm txheej txhaum cai thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv teb

 

4.1 Transformer Hluav Taws Teeb

Transformer hluav taws yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tej zaum nws yuav tshwm sim los ntawm qhov luv luv - Circuit Court faults nrog arc ignition, sab nraud ignition ntawm leaked insulating roj, los yog loj bushing thiab davhlau ya nyob twg tsis ua hauj lwm ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg arcing.

Hauv kev xyaum, cov xwm txheej hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug kho raws li tag nrho - xwm txheej ceev. Kev sib cais tam sim ntawm tag nrho cov transformer sab yog yuav tsum tau, ua raws li disconnection ntawm lub auxiliary fais fab mov rau lub txias system. Cov hluav taws tua hluav taws xws li tshuaj tsuag lossis tshuaj txau nitrogen, yuav tsum tau qhib kom tsis txhob ncua sijhawm los tswj cov nplaim hluav taws. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws mus rau cov cuab yeej uas nyob ib sab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, kev tswj cov roj ntws tawm tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam nyob ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws kub thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qauv.

 

4.2 Bushing Failure lossis tawg

 

4.3 Cua txias tsis ua hauj lwm

Cov cua txias tsis ua haujlwm ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau thermal stability ntawm transformer windings thiab insulating roj. Thaum qhov kev ua haujlwm txias tau txo qis los yog poob, cov roj kub kub nce sai, rwb thaiv tsev laus nrawm, thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej siab, thermal runaway yuav tshwm sim.

Teb cov lus teb yuav tsum xub xyuas qhov ntsuas cua txias ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov xwm txheej rov ua dua, tom qab ntawd paub meej tias kiv cua thiab lub twj tso kua mis ua haujlwm, thiab tsis tu ncua saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias. Yog tias ob lub tshuab cua txias tsis ua haujlwm thaum lub load tseem siab, kev thauj khoom tam sim ntawd lossis kaw yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov hloov pauv overheating.

 

4.4 Suab nrov txawv txav

Transformer acoustic cwj pwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis yog -invasive diagnostic indicator. Cov kev hloov hauv cov qauv suab feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov hluav taws xob sab hauv lossis cov khoom siv tsis zoo.

Ib qho kev nce ntxiv hauv hum feem ntau yog txuam nrog overload lossis voltage fluctuation. Crackling los yog popping suab yuav qhia tau tias ib feem ntawm cov dej ntws tawm, thaum boiling -zoo li suab feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau rwb thaiv tsev overheating los yog ya raws. Cov suab nrov tsis tu ncua yuav qhia tau tias cov ntsiab lus xoob lossis teeb meem kev co ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Kev soj ntsuam acoustic yog siv dav hauv kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov hloov pauv raws li txoj kev ceeb toom ntxov ua ntej hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm.

 

4.5 Roj kub kub nce siab

Cov roj kub sib txawv yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej thauj khoom, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kev ua haujlwm txias. Qhov ntsuas kub maj mam nce feem ntau qhia tias muaj ntau dhau lossis txo qhov ua kom txias txias, thaum qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sab hauv lossis ua kom txias txias tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev sib piv sib piv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm transformer kom paub qhov txawv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm kev ntxhov siab thiab tsim cov teeb meem txhaum cai.

 

4.6 Roj Qib Abnormality

 

4.7 Bushing leakage thiab ib nrab tso tawm

Kev tso tawm ib nrab yog ib qho ua ntej ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv siab -voltage systems thiab yog ze ze rau bushing tsis ua hauj lwm mechanisms. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li tus kab mob corona, lub suab nrov nrov, lossis cov cim qhia pom UV.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txheeb xyuas cov roj yaj (DGA) feem ntau qhia txog qhov txawv txav thaum ntxov - theem rwb thaiv tsev degradation.

Cov kev txhawb nqa ib txwm muaj xws li:

• UV lossis infrared detection signals
• Nce hauv cov roj DGA tseem ceeb
• Localized cua sov los yog nto tawm kab

Cov xwm txheej no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv kev puas tsuaj tag nrho yog tias tsis tswj xyuas kom zoo.

 

5. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) rau Fault Diagnosis

 

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kuaj xyuas qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tsis ua haujlwm. Nws muab kev pom rau sab hauv hluav taws xob thiab thermal txhaum hom raws li cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv cov roj insulating.

Cov roj tseem ceeb thiab kev txhais lus

DGA txoj kev tsom xam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li ib qho kev ntsuas - taw tes, vim tias qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov pa roj feem ntau qhia tias muaj kev ua txhaum loj.

 

6. Cov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau kaw tam sim

 

Lub transformer yuav tsum raug tshem tawm tam sim ntawd ntawm kev pabcuam yog tias muaj qee yam hauv qab no tshwm sim:

Cov xwm txheej no qhia tau tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab xav tau kev sib cais tam sim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

 

7. Transformer Inspection thiab Maintenance Considerations

 

Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem loj heev, kev tshuaj xyuas sab hauv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab hauv paus. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov av qis, ib puag ncig ua haujlwm huv, thiab cov txheej txheem hauv av nruj.

Kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau suav nrog kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev hloov pauv winding, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, ntsuas kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom txawv teb chaws lossis cov tshuab deformation hauv lub tank.

 

8. Kev txiav txim siab txog ib puag ncig thiab lub neej

 

Thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntawm transformer, kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Lub suab nrov, emissions, thiab cov roj insulating yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai tswj hwm, thaum kawg - ntawm - lub neej hloov pauv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm cov txheej txheem pov thawj los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

 

9. Kev txhim kho qhov project

 

10. Xaus: Los ntawm Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Ua Phem mus rau Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho

 

Transformer faults tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo los ntawm kev txhais cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kom raug, kev saib xyuas DGA, kev tsom xam thermal, thiab kev tsim kho lub tswv yim.

Rau siab -voltage thiab data center daim ntaub ntawv, transformer kev ntseeg tau ncaj qha txiav txim qhov system txuas ntxiv, ua txhaum kev kuaj mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb.