Qhia rau Zig-Zag Transformers

 

Cov lus qhia no muab cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm zigzag transformers-tshwj xeeb- lub hom phiaj winding configurations dav siv rau hauv av, kev sib haum xeeb mitigation, kev txhim kho fais fab, thiab ac-dc zog hloov dua siab tshiab hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Cov lus qhia npog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev xav txog kev tsim, kev sib piv nrog lwm cov txheej txheem hauv av, thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab hauv av, kev sib haum xeeb tshem tawm, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog hloov pauv. Phau ntawv qhia kuj suav nrog kev xav txog kev xaiv, qhov loj me, kev tiv thaiv thiab ua raws li cov qauv tsim xws li IEEE C57.105 thiab IEC 60076.

Niaj hnub no peb -theem hluav taws xob tshuab feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog delta- txuas txuas hloov pauv hloov pauv, uas tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab rau lub hom phiaj hauv av. Ntau qhov dav, ungrounded peb -theem systems-txawm yog los ntawm delta configurations los yog lwm qhov chaw-tam sim no tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm cov kev cov nyom, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog av, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm overvoltages nyob rau hauv kab - mus rau - av faults, thiab cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub zos faults. Lub zig-zag transformer (tseem hu ua kev sib tshuam- hnub qub lossis earthing transformer) tau tsim los daws cov teeb meem no.

Lub zig zag transformer yog ib qho tshwj xeeb - lub hom phiaj transformer nrog lub winding configuration qhov twg txhua qhov tso zis yog vector sum ntawm ob theem offset los ntawm 120℃. Txhua qhov sib nqus core limb tau muab faib ua ob ntu winding raug mob nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv, thiab cov coils tau sib cuam tshuam los ntawm cov theem sib txawv los tsim cov nyhuv tshem tawm rau cov dej sib npaug thaum tso cai rau xoom- cov kab sib txuas tam sim no los ntawm kev sib txuas nruab nrab.

Thaum nruab nrab hauv av yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, zig-zag transformers tau hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv ntau yam platform ua haujlwm ntau yam: muab qhov qis -impedance txoj hauv av- txhaum tam sim no, suppressing triplen harmonics, ntsuas qhov load tam sim no, thiab ua ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev sib koom ua ke-.c

 

 

 

Txawm hais tias qhov kev npaj sab hauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyuaj, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm yog tswj hwm los ntawm Ampere txoj cai- qhov sib nqus sib nqus hla windings ntawm tib lub hauv paus dictates tias tam sim no ntws hauv ib lub winding yuav tsum tau nrog rau cov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lwm winding ntawm tus ceg ceg.

2.2 Kev soj ntsuam kev ntws tam sim no raws li cov xwm txheej tsis raug

Txhawm rau kom txaus siab npaum li cas xoom- cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas tau qhib, xav txog kab - rau - kev ua txhaum hauv av ntawm ib theem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Tus ntoo khaub lig- txuas winding kev npaj tsim ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm kev nthuav tawm tam sim no. Tam sim no ntws los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov nruab nrab mus rau hauv qab winding ntawm theem A dhau los ntawm sab saum toj winding ntawm theem C mus rau kab sib txuas. Qhov no induces ib tug coj tam sim no nyob rau hauv qab winding ntawm theem C, uas nyob rau hauv lem propagates rau hauv daim phiaj mus txog rau theem B. Qhov sib lawv liag txuas ntxiv mus rau tag nrho peb theem. Qhov kev soj ntsuam tseem ceeb yog tias tag nrho cov tam sim no nyob rau sab saum toj windings, hauv qab windings, thiab lub ntiaj teb kev sib txuas yog nyob rau theem nrog ib leeg, unambiguously txheeb xyuas lawv raws li xoom- raws li tam sim no.

Cov lej ntawm cov xoom- cov kab ke tam sim no thoob plaws tag nrho peb theem sib npaug tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm, theem - hloov pauv qhov hluav taws xob tshem tawm, thiab tsuas yog ib qho me me txaus nyiam tam sim no. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis sib npaug-xws li av ua txhaum lossis tsis sib npaug ntawm cov loads- uas xoom- cov kab ke tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv.

2.3 Yam ntxwv impedance

Raws li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, lub zig-zag transformer nthuav tawm siab impedance rau qhov zoo- thiab tsis zoo- cov kab ke tam sim no, ua rau nws tseem ceeb tsis pom qhov hluav taws xob hauv lub sijhawm sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, rau xoom- ntu ntu tam sim no, lub transformer nthuav tawm impedance qis, ua haujlwm luv luv -circuiting nruab nrab mus rau hauv av rau qhov txhaum tam sim no.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tswj xyuas xoom-ib ntu impedance suav nrog cov lej tig winding, core geometry, leakage inductance nruab nrab ntawm ob halves ntawm txhua tus ceg, thiab cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau tsim los txwv qhov ntws ntawm triple -harmonic fluxes yog lwm qhov tshwj xeeb zoo uas txawv ntawm zig-zag configurations los ntawm lwm cov av schemes.

2.4 Kev Txhim Kho Tseem Ceeb

Ib theem qhib-circuit condition-xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob los yog kev sib txuas xoob- cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov hluav taws xob winding. Nrog rau ib theem disconnected, cov saw ntawm tam sim no propagation tsim nyog rau xoom- raws li ndlwg ntws, thiab lub earthing transformer yuav tsis ua lub ntiaj teb txhaum tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, earthing transformers yuav tsum tau sib txuas nrog ob lub ntiaj teb thiab kab sib chaws yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua.

 

 

 

 

Ob hom tseem ceeb ntawmgrounding transformersyog siv rau hauv lub tshuab fais fab: lub zig-zag (interconnected- hnub qub) transformer thiab covwye-delta transformer. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm lawv yog tus nqi tseem ceeb, qhov loj me, thiab qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.

3.1 Qhov loj thiab lub zog ntsuas

Lub zig-zag kev npaj muaj kev ua tau zoo ntau dua li cov av wye-delta configuration. Nyob rau hauv ib zig-zag transformer, txhua qhov winding nqa tsawg tshaj li ntawm kab- mus rau -voltage av- los ntawm ib qho ntawm- ua kom muaj qhov qis zog tag nrho:. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, lub hauv paus wye-delta transformer xav taurau tib qhov nruab nrab tam sim no. Qhov sib txawv loj no ua rau zig-zag transformers kwv yees li ib - thib peb me me hauv kVA qhov ntsuas tshaj wye-delta transformers rau qhov zoo ib yam li nruab nrab tam sim no.

Cov neeg tsim khoom tshaj tawm tias zig-zag transformers muab tus nqi qis dua thiab me dua lub cev hneev taw dua li wye-delta transformers rau tib yam xoom-ib ntu ntu impedance specification, ua rau lawv nyiam xaiv hauv feem ntau cov ntawv thov hauv av.

3.2 Harmonic Performance

Wye-delta transformers circulate triplen harmonics (3rd, 9th, 15th, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv lub delta winding tab sis tsis tshem tawm nruab nrab tam sim no generated los ntawm unbalance loads. Zig-zag transformers, los ntawm qhov sib piv, rov ua dua peb cov kev sib raug zoo tam sim no los ntawm qhov nruab nrab rov qab mus rau sab load, nquag txo cov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ob sab. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm delta -wye transformers, qhov twg triplen harmonics tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kaw delta voj.

3.3 Rated Sijhawm thiab Thermal Duty

Ob hom ua haujlwm luv luv - lub sijhawm khoom siv, feem ntau ntsuas rau 10- thib ob lossis 1-fault durations es tsis ua haujlwm tas mus li. ANSI/IEEE Std. 32-1972 yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua ntawm 3% rau 10- qhov ntsuas thib ob, txhais tau tias qhov ntsuas luv luv yog kwv yees li 33 npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua. Ib lub tsev txhab nyiaj 1-feeb suav nrog qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm 7%. Cov yam ntxwv tsis sib xws ntawm lub luag haujlwm no txo ​​qhov loj me thiab cov nqi tsim khoom cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm cov peev txheej sib npaug, txawm hais tias kev tswj xyuas thermal tseem tseem ceeb.

 

 

 

 

4.1 Zero-Ib theem impedance

Zero-qib impedance yog arguably qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws parameter rau zig-zag transformer tsim. Nws txiav txim siab ob qho tib si hauv av- qhov txhaum tam sim no thiab cov kev cai voltage nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis sib npaug. Lub transformer impedance ib leeg tuaj yeem txwv qhov txhaum tam sim no rau qib siab; Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tiv thaiv sab nraud lossis cov reactor tso rau hauv nruab nrab muab kev txwv ntxiv.

4.2 Leakage Inductance thiab Tsis muaj -Load Losses

Ob qhov kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis muaj -load poob (hysteresis thiab eddy tam sim no poob) thiab to impedance. Kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev ua qauv zoo kawg nkaus tau ua kom muaj kev suav ntau dua ntawm cov xau inductance hauv zigzag transformers, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim qauv tsim hauv kev ua kom zoo rau hom no. Leakage reactance cuam tshuam rau lub transformer tam sim no - txwv kev coj cwj pwm thaum ua txhaum thiab nws tag nrho cov kev tswj qhov hluav taws xob.

4.3 Luv-Lub Sijhawm thiab Kev Ntsuas Nruam

Grounding transformers ua haujlwm nrog qhov luv luv - lub sijhawm thiab kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua. Ib lub voj voog uas muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus load tsis sib npaug tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv feem ntau rau luv luv - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis raug ntau dua li kev ua haujlwm tas mus li. Qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua rau 10- chav tsev thib ob feem ntau yog 3% ntawm qhov luv - lub sijhawm ntsuas, thaum rau 1- feeb chav tsev nws yog 7%. Sizing piv txwv qhia txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no: ntawm 12.47 kV system muab 6000 A hauv av-tam sim no, lub zig-zag transformer yuav xav tau 24.9 MVA qhov ntsuas luv luv. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tu ncua sib raug mus rau qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua ntawm kwv yees li 0.75 MVA, ua rau lub txhab nyiaj tuav 180 A ntawm nruab nrab tam sim no tsis tu ncua.

 

 

 

5.1 Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Tw

Tiv thaiv nruab nrab-voltage networks nrog zig-zag grounding transformers yog qhov nyuaj. Lub transformer sib txawv chav tsev yuav tsis muaj rhiab heev los xyuas cov kev ua txhaum hauv av ntawm sab delta vim yog lub zig-zag tam sim no txwv ua ke nrog cov teebmeem ntawm lub zog transformer piv thiab capacitive tam sim no pab los ntawm MV feeders. Ib Lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Txwv Tsis Txaus tuaj yeem txhim kho rhiab heev, txawm tias sab nraud theem -theem- hauv av faults nrog tam sim no transformer saturation xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.

Cov qauv qhia kev sib piv cov qauv uas sib piv lub kaum sab xis ntawm av thiab nruab nrab tam sim no tsis tsim nyog. Hloov chaw, cov khoom ua txhaum sab nraud uas saib xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau raug npaj ua cov khoom siv tau zoo. Rau kev tiv thaiv nruab nrab ntawm kev tiv thaiv, cov pa sib piv nruab nrab voltage thiab tam sim no lub kaum sab xis tsis raug qhib rau pem hauv ntej kev ua txhaum ntawm kev noj qab haus huv feeders; cov chav qhia taw qhia raws li xoom-ib ntu impedance magnitude muab kev daws teeb meem ntau dua.

5.2 Cov qauv siv tau

Zig-zag transformer tsim, kuaj, thiab daim ntawv thov raug tswj hwm los ntawm ntau tus qauv. IEEE C57.105-2019 piav qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm transformer thiab configurations nyob rau hauv peb-theem hluav taws xob systems, nrog rau tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm delta thiab wye, grounded thiab ungrounded, T-txuas, zigzag, thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb, npog ob qho tib si -winding. Lwm cov qauv tsim muaj xws li IEEE C57.32 rau cov khoom siv nruab nrab hauv av, IEC 60076-25 rau nruab nrab grounding resistors, thiab IS 2026 / IS 5553 rau kev sim thiab kev ua tau zoo.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias IEEE C57.105 yog thawj zaug sau rau kev faib khoom nrog thawj qhov hluav taws xob mus txog 34.5 kV, txawm hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav dua.

 

 

 

6.1 System Neutral Grounding

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm zig-zag transformers yog los tsim ib qho av nruab nrab rau ungrounded peb -theem systems-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog delta- txuas transformer Secondaries thiab ungrounded generator los yog inverter tsheb npav. Daim ntawv thov no ua haujlwm rau ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: txo qis kev ntxhov siab dhau ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thaum ib kab - mus rau - hauv av faults, muab cov lus piav qhia hauv av rau kev tiv thaiv relaying, thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tas mus li thaum tsis muaj kev sib npaug.

Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic thiab faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj feem ntau tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab, ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab qhov tsis zoo hauv av. Zig-zag transformers tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov, qis-impedance txoj hauv av, stabilizing lub kaw lus nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem txhaum cai. Rau nruab nrab -voltage tes hauj lwm nrog siab- tsis kam grounding, zig zag grounding transformer ua ke nrog nruab nrab grounding resistors muab qhov kev ua txhaum kev ntsuas tsis tas yuav tsum tau mus rau tam sim no -ib qho kev teeb tsa uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam.

 

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Zig Zag transformers:

Cua Farms

• Muab cov khoom nruab nrab nruab nrab rau nruab nrab -voltage collection systems (piv txwv li, 35 kV) los pab kom muaj av
• Muaj tsawg- txoj kev impedance rau ib kab - mus rau - av faults, txwv overvoltages
• Tshem tawm triplen harmonics (3rd, 9th, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm cua turbine converters
• Me me thiab sib zog dua Δ-Y grounding transformers, zoo tagnrho rau cov cua sab nraud

Solar (PV) Systems

• Tsim ib qho kev siv hauv av rau inverter AC sab uas nruab nrab tsis muaj
• Mitigates peb -phase unbalance thiab inverter-tsim harmonics
• Txhim kho qis -voltage caij- dhau ntawm (LVRT) muaj peev xwm, tiv thaiv kev tsis sib xws
• Muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev sib xyaw lim inductor hauv PV + lub tshuab cia

Cov khoom siv sib txuas sib txuas tau yooj yim hauv cov kev faib tawm niaj hnub no tau ua kom pom qhov zoo nkauj ntawm zig-zag transformer grounding ntawm ob qho tib si nruab nrab- thiab qis-voltage sab, outperforming loj reactance grounding thiab midpoint grounding lwm txoj hauv kev sib piv kev ua tau zoo.

6.2 Harmonic Mitigation

Zig-zag transformers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov teeb meem nruab nrab tam sim no tshwm sim los ntawm tsis yog- cov khoom tawm. Peb-theem plaub- cov xaim xaim hluav taws xob tau nce zuj zus los ntawm qhov nruab nrab tus neeg xyuas pib overloading vim kev loj hlob ntawm kev hloov pauv- hom khoom siv hluav taws xob, hloov pauv- zaus tsav, thiab lwm yam tsis yog - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob linear. Lub delta- txuas thawj ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob tsuas yog tshem tawm triplen harmonics nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug zoo kawg nkaus load; unbalanced loads tseem tsim nruab nrab tam sim no.

Zig-zag transformers daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev muab qhov qis-impedance txoj kev rau triplen harmonics thaum tuav cov impedance siab rau cov zaus zaus tam sim no. Strategically pairing delta-zigzag with delta-wye transformers tuaj yeem tshem tawm ob qho tib si 5th thiab 7th harmonics, ua tiav 12-pulse system kev ua haujlwm. Rau cov tshuab loj, ntau lub me me zig-zag transformers muab tso rau ze ntawm cov khoom khaws cia nruab nrab tam sim no hauv zos, tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab txhim kho qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no.

6.3 Integrated AC-Kev hloov pauv DC fais fab

Tshaj li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib txwm muaj, zig-zag transformers tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev sib koom ua ke ac-dc fais fab hloov tshuab uas ua ke nrog kab sib chaws (ac) thiab photovoltaic (dc) lub zog. Lub winding to inductances ntawm zig-zag transformers tuaj yeem siv tau raws li kev sib koom ua ke txhawb nqa inductances hauv kev sib koom ua ke ac-dc systems, txo cov khoom suav thiab tag nrho cov ntim ntim piv rau cov qauv tsim nrog cais inductors. Classical le caag nrog cov lus qhia tsim nyog ntawm kev xau inductance rau windings nrog cov duab geometry txhawb kev tsim qauv.

Cov ntawv thov siab tshaj suav nrog peb -theem shunt zigzag ob npaug- coj mus rhaub qis-harmonic multi-pulse rectifiers, qhov twg lub zigzag transformer configuration txhawb zog kho kho thiab harmonic attenuation nyob rau hauv siab -kev ua tau zoo zog hluav taws xob systems.

6.4 Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Chaw Tshawb Fawb

Cov chaw tshawb fawb-nrog rau cov khoom siv accelerators thiab kev sim fais fab faib tshuab- tau siv zig-zag transformers raws li tus nqi- cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev txo qis nruab nrab tam sim no tshwm sim los ntawm tsis yog- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob linear. Tus nqi qis, kev yooj yim, yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom xa tawm uas twb muaj lawm, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis muaj zog tam sim no hauv zos ua zig-zag transformers txaus nyiam hauv qhov chaw sim uas lub zog zoo cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ntsuas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv.

 

 

 

 

7.1 Kev txiav txim siab hauv av-Cov kev xav tau tam sim no tsis raug

Thawj kauj ruam hauv sizing zig-zag transformer yog txiav txim siab hauv av xav tau- theem tam sim no. Cov kws tsim qauv tsim qauv yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tso siab rau ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv sab hauv xoom-ib ntu impedance rau qhov kev txwv tam sim no lossis txhawm rau ntxig rau sab nraud resistor. Rau siab-cov av tiv thaiv av, qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no feem ntau txwv rau 5-10 A rau nruab nrab-voltage systems. Tsawg-cov kab hluav taws xob kuj tuaj yeem tso cai tam sim no ntawm 200 A lossis ntau dua.

7.2 xam kVA ntsuas

Rau qhov muab nruab nrab tam sim no () thiab kab kab kab - rau - av voltage (), qhov luv -lub sij hawm kVA ntsuas rau zig-zag transformer yog:

Qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau teev tseg. Rau 10-thib ob ntaus ntawv, qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua sib npaug 3% ntawm qhov ntsuas luv luv, thaum lub cuab yeej 1-feeb xav tau 7%.

7.3 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim ntawv thov

Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv hauv av yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm sib quas ntus -. Lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv qhov ua txhaum loj tam sim no rau lub sijhawm luv luv ua rau txo tus nqi tseem ceeb piv rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas txuas ntxiv - lub luag haujlwm transformer. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov thermal withstand muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej. Grounding transformers tuaj yeem raug teev tseg rau cov khoom siv hauv av lossis siv nrog rau qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab grounding resistor - tom kawg muab kev yooj yim hauv kev tswj hauv av - txhaum tam sim no.

7.4 Installation thiab Commissioning

Kev txhim kho thaj chaw zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm txhim khu kev qha. Ua ntej- cov haujlwm ua haujlwm yuav tsum suav nrog kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib piv winding, thiab theem- hloov qhov tseeb. Qhov nruab nrab txoj kev ncaj ncees yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas kom meej- cuam tshuam ntawm txhua theem kev sib txuas rau daim phiaj tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau lees paub tias lub tshuab hloov pauv tsis tshua muaj xoom-ib ntu ntu impedance thaum tuav qhov zoo siab- thiab tsis zoo- ntu impedance raws li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj.

Rau 50 Hz lossis 60 Hz kev ua haujlwm, cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig rau kev teeb tsa sab hauv lossis sab nraum zoov, feem ntau nrog lub qhov cua ntawm Hom 3R enclosures rau kev siv sab nraum zoov.

 

 

 

8.1 Phase Continuity Sensitivity

Ib qho kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm zig-zag transformers yog lawv qhov kev vam khom rau tag nrho peb theem txuas nrog. Qhov tsis muaj ib theem kev sib txuas rau kab sib chaws ua rau qhov sib cuam tshuam winding tam sim no nthuav tawm, tshem tawm lub peev xwm los ua lub ntiaj teb txhaum tam sim no. Qhov rhiab heev no tso cai rau kev sib txuas ntawm theem txhim khu kev qha thiab sib cav tawm tsam kev ntxig cov khoom siv hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom kev qhib - cov xwm txheej hauv Circuit Court.

Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv tiv thaiv ib leeg, zig-zag earthing transformers yuav tsum nyob twj ywm hauv kev pabcuam tsis tu ncua thaum lub sijhawm peb -theem fais fab mov yog ua haujlwm. Yog tias qhov hloov pauv hauv av ploj lawm, ib kab - mus rau - hauv av txhaum tuaj yeem ua rau theem siab - mus rau - qhov nruab nrab voltages ntawm cov theem tsis raug, thiab kev thauj khoom tsis sib npaug tuaj yeem ua rau nruab nrab hloov thiab overvoltages.

8.2 Saturation Nyob rau hauv DC Txhaj

Hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, DC tam sim no txhaj tshuaj-txawm los ntawm kab sib chaws- txuas inverters, geomagnetic cuam tshuam, lossis lwm qhov chaw- tuaj yeem ua rau hauv av transformer core saturation. Saturation txo cov transformer qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev muab qhov qis -impedance hauv av txoj kev thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau overheating. Kev ceev faj tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim lossis kev saib xyuas ntxiv yuav xav tau rau cov tshuab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus DC tseem ceeb.

8.3 Fault Detection Complexity

Cov kws tshaj lij tiv thaiv yuav tsum lees paub tias cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav rau hauv av sab hauv- kuaj pom qhov tsis raug nrog zig-zag transformers. Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb- suav nrog Cov Chaw Txwv Lub Ntiaj Teb Fault, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sab nraud, thiab qhov loj ntawm - raws li cov kev taw qhia - tej zaum yuav xav tau rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

 

 

 

Zig-zag transformers yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub rau peb -theem hluav taws xob. Los ntawm kev muab qhov qis -impedance txoj hauv kev rau xoom- ntu ntu tam sim no thaum nthuav tawm cov impedance siab rau qhov zoo- thiab qhov tsis zoo- cov khoom sib txuas, lawv txuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tsis sib xws delta / wye systems thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab hauv av.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog:

• Kev tsim kho: Rau ib nrab -windings cross- txuas ntawm theem ntawm peb -limb core
• Kev khiav hauj lwm txoj cai: Ampere-tig tshuav nyiaj li cas ua rau xoom- ntu ntu tam sim no thaum tshem tawm cov dej sib npaug
• Thawj daim ntawv thov: Nruab nrab grounding rau ungrounded peb -theem systems (delta-fed los yog generator systems)
• Kev ua tau zoo: Kev ua haujlwm siab dua thiab me me dua wye-delta grounding transformers
• Cov ntawv thov thib ob: Harmonic mitigation (tshwj xeeb yog triplen harmonics), load balancing, integrated ac -dc conversion
• Kev xav txog kev tsim qauv: Sizing raws li luv luv - ncua sij hawm qhov kev ntsuas tsis raug (10 sec lossis 1 min), txuas ntxiv 3%–7% muaj peev xwm
• Cov cai tiv thaiv: Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb xav tau; kev tiv thaiv kev sib txawv ntawm cov pa yuav tsis txaus
• Kev teeb tsa tseem ceeb: Cov theem khoom sib txuas rau daim phiaj tseem ceeb; tsis muaj kev hloov khoom siv hauv txoj kev hauv av

Kev xaiv ntawm zig-zag thiab wye-delta grounding transformer thaum kawg yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cev: qhov kev txwv tam sim no xav tau, muaj peev xwm thiab qhov chaw, kev xav tau kev sib haum xeeb, thiab lub siab xav kom muaj lub zog pabcuam. Rau feem ntau cov kev siv hauv av, zig-zag transformer qhov ua tau zoo dua, hneev taw me dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub ua rau nws qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj rau kev teeb tsa tshiab.