Electrostatic shielding nyob rau hauv Transformers
Mar 02, 2026
Tso lus

I. Electrostatic Shielding yog dab tsi?
Electrostatic shielding, hauv physics, hais txog qhov tshwm sim uas lub plhaub kaw ua los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib siv los cais nws thaj chaw sab hauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud hluav taws xob. Kev siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no rau transformers muab peb qhov hu ua transformer electrostatic shield (E-Shield).
Nyob rau hauv ib tug transformer qauv, lub electrostatic shield yog feem ntau atsis yog-kab tooj liab los yog tsis yog- daim ntawv hlau nplaummuab tso rau ntawm thawj winding thiab theem nrab winding. Nws yog tsim los ua "tsis yog-kaw" los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tsim lub voj voog luv luv thiab inducing tam sim no. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no muaj kev ntseeg siab txuas nrog lub transformer casing los yog hauv av los ntawm ib tug hlau, tsim ib tug zoo shielding lub cev.

II. Electrostatic shielding ua haujlwm li cas?
Lub electrostatic shield nyob rau hauv ib tug transformer feem ntau ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov txoj hauv kev ntawm capacitive coupling.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm hluav taws xob, muaj qhov sib faib capacitance (parasitic capacitance) ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab windings ntawm lub transformer.
Thaum siab -ntau zaus cuam tshuam (xws li spikes los ntawm daim phiaj fais fab, xob laim surges, los yog siab-frequency suab nrov los ntawm qhov sib txawv zaus drives) tshwm rau ntawm thawj sab, qhov cuam tshuam ob peb mus rau theem nrab los ntawm inter- winding parasitic capacitance, cuam tshuam rau lub hwj chim zoo.
Tom qab ntxiv cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic, qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv hauv paus. Cov ntaub thaiv npog cais cov thawj ib leeg capacitance (CHL, lub peev xwm ntawm qhov siab -voltage thiab low-voltage sab) rau hauv ob lub series capacitances: lub capacitance los ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau daim ntaub thaiv npog thiab lub capacitance ntawm lub shield mus rau theem nrab. Vim hais tias cov ntaub thaiv npog yog ncaj qha grounded, nws muab atsawg impedance txoj kev mus rau hauv avrau siab - zaus cuam tshuam tam sim no. Raws li ib tus kws tshaj lij tau piav qhia: "Cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob electrostatic tseem ceeb ua raws li lub tshuab lim dej, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb los ntawm kev xa mus rau theem nrab." Yog li ntawd, qhov siab - zaus cuam tshuam tam sim no yog shunted rau hauv av es tsis txhob txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov kev thauj khoom thib ob, yog li "purifying" cov zis hluav taws xob.
III. Lub luag hauj lwm dab tsi yog Electrostatic Shield Ua Si hauv Transformer?
Lub electrostatic shield nyob rau hauv ib tug transformer mas ua hauj lwm hauv qab no:
1. Ncua siab -Frequency Interference Transmission
Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm electrostatic shield. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaiv qhov sib txuas ntawm siab - lub suab nrov zaus los ntawm kev faib cov peev txheej ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab windings. Kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias lub tshuab hloov pauv nrog cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob electrostatic tuaj yeem ua tiav ib qho - hom kev poob qis ntawmNtau dua lossis sib npaug li 60dBntawm 1MHz thiab attenuate siab - zaus spikes thiab xob laim surges los ntawmntau tshaj 70%. Qhov no sib npaug rau kev lim tawm " impurities" los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, muab cov ntaub ntawv huv hauv av rau cov khoom siv hauv qab.
2. Txo Inter-Winding Coupling Capacitance
Nyob rau hauv lub unshielded transformer, muaj ib tug tej yam theem ntawm faib capacitance ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab windings. Cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic tuaj yeem txo qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug mus rau qib qis heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug siab - zoo kev rho tawm transformer nrog ib tug electrostatic shield, qhov sib npaug faib capacitance ntawm thawj thiab thib ob sab yuav tsawg dua.0,01f wb, ua tiav lub xeev ntawm kev sib cais siab uas tuaj yeem piav qhia tias "kev xa cov hlau nplaum nkaus xwb, tsis yog hluav taws xob". Hauv qee qhov zoo-tsim transformers, qhov kev sib txuas ua haujlwm tau zoo tuaj yeem tsawg li30pf ua.
3. Tiv thaiv rhiab heev Loads
Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj ntau lub zog hluav taws xob (xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus, kev hloov pauv zaus), kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv sai yog qhov tshwm sim. Cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob electrostatic tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej rhiab heev ntawm ob sab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tam sim no.
4. Txo qhov nruab nrab- mus rau -Ground Voltage
Hauv kev xav tau kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, xws li cov neeg hlau tswj cov txee, siv lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic pab txo qis nruab nrab - rau - hauv av voltage rausub 1v, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev tswj qhov system.
Nta thiab Qhov Zoo
Transformers siv electrostatic shields muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab no thiab qhov zoo:
|
Feature |
Qhov zoo |
Technical Indicator/Kev piav qhia |
|
Siab tiv thaiv- cuam tshuam |
Tseem ceeb suppresses siab - suab nrov zaus thiab ntau - hom cuam tshuam hauv lub hwj chim mov |
Feem ntau- hom kev poob qis Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 60dB ntawm 1MHz, xob laim surge attenuation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 70% |
|
Tsis tshua muaj Coupling Capacitance |
Ua tiav kev sib cais siab, "kev xa cov hlau nplaum nkaus xwb, tsis yog hluav taws xob" |
Qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov windings tuaj yeem qis li 0.01pF |
|
Txhim kho lub zog zoo |
Txo harmonic distortion ntawm cov zis voltage |
Hauv chav kawm C3, THDU poob ntawm 3.1% mus rau 0.8% |
|
Kev nyab xeeb siab |
Muab cov khoom siv- qib tiv thaiv, txo cov dej ntws tam sim no |
Cov dej ntws tam sim no tuaj yeem tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10µA hauv kev kho mob IT system daim ntawv thov |
|
Zoo heev Common-Mode Rejection Capability |
Lub suab nrov attenuation muaj peev xwm |
Qee qhov K-Factor transformers tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam- hom suab nrov attenuation mus txog120 dB |
IV. Piv txwv ntawm Transformers Siv Electrostatic Shielding
1. Solar/Renewable Energy Transformers
Transformers ntsia hauv cua thiab hnub ci fais fab nroj tsuag ntsib teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov ntawv thov no, ntau qhov siab dv / dt (tus nqi ntawm qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob) thiab siab - zaus rov ua dua tshiab uas tsim los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob (xws li inverters) tuaj yeem ntxhov siab rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau siv electrostatic shielding nyob rau hauv windings ntawm cov transformers los lim cov hloov hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv lub transformer los ntawm cov kev tsis zoo ntawm voltage distortion. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias electrostatic shielding muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm siab -frequency distortion los ntawm qis-voltage winding mus rau siab-voltage winding (thiab vice versa).

2. K-Factor Rated Transformers
K-Factor rated transformers tshwj xeeb yog tsim los rau cov ntawv thov uas tsis muaj kab hluav taws xob thiab cov ntsiab lus siab sib haum xeeb. Cov transformers feem ntau muaj xws li apuv -dav tooj liab electrostatic shieldraws li cov khoom siv txheem. Lawv cov qauv tsim los tiv thaiv cov cua sov ntxiv los ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thaum siv cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic los tiv thaiv kev nthuav tawm ntawm siab - suab nrov zaus. Lawv tau siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej ua cov ntaub ntawv, kho kom nrawm nrawm, chaw kho mob, thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.
3. Isolation Transformers thiab Healthcare Transformers
Nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, xws li cov neeg hlau tswj cov txee lossis kev kho mob IT systems, kev sib cais transformers nrog electrostatic shields yog tus qauv. Lawv tuaj yeem txiav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm - hom kev cuam tshuam los ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob thiab muab cov pa xau tsawg heev (kev siv tshuaj kho mob yuav tsum tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50µA), ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm ob qho tib si thiab cov neeg mob.
V. Common Shielding Effectiveness Tests
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob electrostatic, cov kws ua haujlwm feem ntau ua cov kev sim hauv qab no:

1. Insertion Loss Tests
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev ncaj qha rau kev ntsuas cov ntaub thaiv npog lub peev xwm kom txo tau siab - zaus cuam tshuam. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xeem no suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj siab - zaus teeb liab ntawm paub amplitude (V1) ntawm lub transformer lub tswv yim thiab ntsuas lub teeb liab amplitude (V2) ntawm cov zis tom qab nws dhau los ntawm lub transformer. Insertion poob yog txhais raws li20 × log (V1 / V2)thiab qhia hauv decibels (dB). Tus nqi siab dua qhia tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, Trafomic transformer 实测 muaj ib qho kev sib koom - hom kev poob siab ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 60dB ntawm 1MHz.
2. Feem ntau-Cov Kev Xeem Qauv
Common-mode cuam tshuam yog hais txog kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim ntawm txhua tus neeg xyuas pib thiab hauv av. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sim- hom kev sim yog los ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv lub peev xwm los txwv cov suab nrov sib xws - hom. Thaum lub sij hawm xeem, ib qho - hom teeb liab (ib lub teeb liab siv nrog tib theem ntawm tag nrho cov input kab thiab hauv av) feem ntau yog siv rau cov tswv yim, thiab cov hom - cov lus teb ntawm cov zis yog ntsuas. Ib qho zoo electrostatic shield tsim yuav tsum attenuate ntau- hom suab nrov mus rau theem qis heev. ABB's K-Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov hloov pauv tau qhia tias muaj ntau- hom suab nrov attenuation mus txog120 dB.
3. Feem ntau-Mode/Transverse-Mode Tests
Transverse-mode cuam tshuam (tseem hu ua qhov sib txawv-mode cuam tshuam) yog hais txog kev cuam tshuam uas twb muaj lawm ntawm kab teeb liab thiab nws txoj kev rov qab los. Hauv kev sim ua kom pom tseeb, feem ntau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob txhawm rau txhawm rau cuam tshuam ob hom kev cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, thaum kuaj lub network transformers, lub network analyzer ua ke nrog balun transformers yog siv los ntsuas qhov poob (xav txog qhov attenuation ntawm tag nrho cov teeb liab) thiab sib piv -mode rejection ratio (tshwj xeeb xav txog attenuation ntawm qhov sib piv-mode signal).
4. Kev kuaj mob tsis zoo hauv kev kuaj xyuas lub zog
Interestingly, muaj cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic tuaj yeem qee zaum "tsis meej pem" testers. Thaum lub sij hawm lub hwj chim ntsuas ntawm lub transformer, vim hais tias lub shield muab ib tug low- impedance hauv av txoj kev, cov tam sim no uas yuav tsum tau ntws los ntawm high-voltage mus rau qis-voltage rwb thaiv tsev (CHL) yog shunted rau hauv av. Qhov no ua rau CHL me me tam sim no ntsuas hauv UST (Unspecified Specimen Test) hom, qee zaum txawm ua rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub zog nyeem ntawv - uas yog qhov tseeb los ntawm kev xaiv qhov ntsuas tam sim no, tsis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev. Cov kws tshaj lij kev sim ua ke GST-G (Grounded Specimen Test nrog Tus Saib Xyuas) thiab UST cov txiaj ntsig los txiav txim siab txog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.

VI. Grounding Shield Bushing
Lub grounding shield bushing yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv hauv cov transformers, ua raws li ib tugtus chojuas muab txoj kev txhim khu kev qha hauv av rau lub transformer electrostatic shield. Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov siab -voltage thiab low-voltage windings) yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv av kom tawm cov cuam tshuam tam sim no, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog hauv av yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev sib txuas no.
Structurely, lub grounding shield bushing feem ntau nkag mus rau lub transformer lub tank cover los yog tank phab ntsa. Ib qho kawg yog ruaj ntseg txuas nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic (xws li, daim ntawv tooj liab lossis cov ntawv siv hluav taws xob) hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thaum lwm qhov kawg txuas sab nraum lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau kev sib txuas rau hauv av. Hauv qee qhov kev tsim, lub bushing nws tus kheej tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm-piv txwv li, embedding ib lub hauv paus hlau mesh nyob rau hauv lub bushing phab ntsa kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob field concentration los yog ib feem ntawm qhov paug uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv siab -voltage kev twb kev txuas cov ntsiab lus (xws li tooj liab busbar pob qij txha).
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Grounding Shield Bushing
Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yognyab xeeb coj- tawmthiabsiab -frequency blocking:
1. Muab kev nyab xeeb, qis -impedance grounding txoj kev rau electrostatic shield
Qhov no yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub thaiv hluav taws xob electrostatic yuav tsum tau ua zoo hauv av kom ua tau siab - zaus cuam tshuam tam sim no rau lub ntiaj teb. Lub grounding shield bushing muab tus qauv, insulated thiab txhim khu kev qha neeg xyuas pib uas xa cov ntaub thaiv npog sab hauv los ntawm lub tank transformer mus rau sab nraud hauv av xaim, ua kom cov hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txoj kev hauv av.
2. Tiv thaiv kev taug kev ntawm siab - zaus cuam tshuam tam sim no
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv av shield bushing, cov xaim hauv av ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog electrostatic yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog lwm yam khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem ua kom paub ntxiv inductance lossis tsim cov kav hlau txais xov, yog li ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm kev cuam tshuam siab - zaus. Txoj kev tsim bushing tshwj xeeb tswj qhov qis - impedance cov cuab yeej ntawm txoj kev hauv av ntawm cov khoom siv siab, kom ntseeg tau tias cov kev cuam tshuam tam sim no tau zoo hla mus rau hauv av.
3. Sealing thiab rwb thaiv tsev
Raws li lub tank - nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom, cov ntaub thaiv npog hauv av yuav tsum xyuas kom cov roj hloov pauv kom tsis txhob muaj dej ntws tawm. Lub caij no, nws xav tau lub zog rwb thaiv tsev txaus los tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob ntawm sab hauv electrostatic shield thiab hauv av muaj peev xwm, zam hauv av tawg.
4. Tshem tawm ib feem ntawm qhov tso tawm (rau cov ntaub thaiv npog- kev sib xyaw bushings)
Hauv qee qhov kev siv siab -voltage, rough nto ntawm conductors (xws li, tooj liab busbars) coj mus rau hauv lub transformer los ntawm bushing tej zaum yuav ua rau tip discharge, uas tsis tsuas yog generates suab nrov tab sis kuj degrades rwb thaiv tsev. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke hauv av thaiv txheej (xws li hlau mesh lossis hlau raj) rau hauv cov qauv bushing, cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, yog li tshem tawm cov paug tawm thiab ua kom cov khoom ruaj ntseg.
Xa kev nug

