Compact Substation Installation thiab Kev Qhia Ua Haujlwm

 

 

 

 

 

Compact substations (tseem hu ua pob substations lossis transformer compact chaw nres tsheb) yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke uas ua ke nruab nrab -voltage switchgear, faib transformers, low-voltage switchboards, interconnections, thiab auxiliary equipment in a single enclosed assembly. Cov koom haum no- tsim, hom- cov chav kuaj sim muab cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev nqis qis nruab nrab-voltage fais fab mus rau qis-voltage faib theem, ua qhov tseem ceeb txuas ntawm thawj lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv kawg hauv thaj chaw, kev lag luam, kev lag luam, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus.

Tsim los rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov hauv thaj chaw pej xeem, cov chaw ua haujlwm me me muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov qauv tsim ua -hauv- chaw substations. Lawv ua ntej-fabricated, kev tsim kho modular txo ntawm - chaw ua haujlwm pej xeem, txo lub sijhawm teeb tsa los ntawm lub lis piam mus rau tsuas yog hnub, txo nqi tag nrho cov phiaj xwm, thiab txo cov av hneev taw uas xav tau rau kev faib hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw ua haujlwm me me yog hom- kuaj raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li IEC 62271-202, uas ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv suav nrog kev faib tawm sab hauv arc thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kaw, hauv av.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv qhia no yog los muab cov lus qhia dav dav rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog koom nrog hauv kev teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm me me. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm no suav nrog cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam, cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab cov qauv kev tswj hwm uas siv tau rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke, cov tswv yim ua haujlwm.

 

 

 

 

2.1 Xaiv qhov chaw

Kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog tsim nyog tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tiav compact substation xa mus. Ntau yam tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ua ntej ua tiav qhov chaw xaiv.

• Kev siv tau.Lub chaw teeb tsa yuav tsum nyob twj ywm siv tau txhua lub sijhawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas thiab cov tsheb teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Kev tshem tawm txaus yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua sab ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb kom tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm nyab xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ua haujlwm hauv thiab tawm raws li qhov xav tau.
• Cov xwm txheej hauv av.Lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw siab, zam qhov qis - thaj chaw uas muaj kev nyab xeeb los yog dej tsub zuj zuj. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov av yuav tsum tsim nyog los txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm lub substation, uas tuaj yeem muaj li ntawm 10 txog 17 metric tons nyob ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab cov khoom siv. Tsis ruaj tsis khov marshy thaj chaw, qhov chaw uas muaj av qeeg, thiab cov av uas muaj peev xwm liquefaction siab yuav tsum raug zam.
• Dej ntws.Tsim nyog cov dej ntws los yog tsim kho yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub hauv paus substation. Cov dej sawv ntsug tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, ua kom corrosion ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, thiab tsim kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov chaw teeb tsa yuav tsum tau muab qhab nia rau cov dej ntws ncaj qha mus deb ntawm lub substation perimeter.
• Kev sib thooj rau Load thiab Network Txuas.Lub substation yuav tsum nyob ze li qhov ua tau zoo rau qhov kev thauj khoom nws ua haujlwm kom txo qis hluav taws xob poob thiab qhov hluav taws xob poob raws li cov khoom xa tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xaib yuav tsum ua kom yooj yim nkag mus rau qhov nruab nrab -voltage cable txuas mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
• Clearance los ntawm Hazards.Lub substation yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm hluav taws, qhov chaw tawg, qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj corrosion, thiab cov cheeb tsam hnyav. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kev nyab xeeb tshem tawm ntawm 5,000 hli los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem yuav tsum tswj kom muaj kev tshem tawm kom txaus los ntawm cov ntoo, cov tsev, thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov cua lossis tsim kev puas tsuaj.
• Environmental Considerations.Ambient tej yam kev mob ntawm lub installation site yuav tsum poob nyob rau hauv cov kev khiav hauj lwm tsis teev rau cov khoom. Cov chaw ua haujlwm me me yog tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub thiab txias xws li −20℃mus rau +45 degree, nrog cov av noo ntawm 15% mus rau 95% (tsis yog -condensing), thiab ntawm qhov siab tsis tshaj 1,000 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

 

2.2 Kev xav tau hauv lub hauv paus

Thaum lub xaib tau raug xaiv, lub hauv paus tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim los txhawb lub substation kom ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov. Lub hauv paus tsim yuav tsum suav nrog cov hauv qab no.

• Load Bearing Peev xwm.Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau tsim los txhawb nqa tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub substation, nrog rau tag nrho cov khoom siv sab hauv xws li transformer, switchgear, thiab auxiliary systems. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 1,000 Pa, txawm hais tias cov kev cai tshwj xeeb txawv raws li cov av thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub substation.
• Av tej yam kev mob.Hom thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov av ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub hauv paus tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj peev xwm hauv av, ib lub txaj gravel los yog cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv tuaj yeem txaus. Nyob qhov twg muaj cov av nplaum loj, cov xuab zeb xoob, lossis cov teeb meem geotechnical nyuaj, yuav tsum muaj cov hauv paus tob dua xws li cov pob zeb ua vaj tse lossis cov hauv paus hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj struts, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau teem rau hauv pawg los tiv thaiv kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv.
• Frost tob.Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj qhov tob txaus los tiv thaiv Frost Heave, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb tsis sib xws, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub qhov rooj, thiab kev ntxhov siab. Cov tsev lis dej num hauv zos feem ntau qhia txog qhov xav tau qhov tob tob rau thaj tsam thaj chaw.
• Cov Kev Cai Nkag Nkag Cable.Lub hauv paus yuav tsum suav nrog ua ntej -tsim recesses, ducts, los yog trenches kom haum rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nkag thiab tawm thiab tswj cov xaim. Cov kab ntawv nkag no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau kom haum nrog cov ntsiab lus nkag cable ntawm lub substation enclosure raws li tau teev tseg hauv cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov duab kos duab dav dav. Rau nruab nrab -voltage switchgear, cable trenches ntawm qhov ntev uas tsim nyog tso cai rau cov cables yuav tsum tau dov mus rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ua ntej txiav.
• Hom Foundation.Ob peb lub hauv paus kev teeb tsa muaj nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov kev xav tau.
• Rau kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov ruaj khov, zoo-drained hauv av, ib txheej ntawm gravel leveled tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus. Lub txaj gravel yuav tsum ncua tsawg kawg yog 500 hli dhau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hneev taw hauv txhua qhov kev qhia, nrog rau tag nrho gravel cheeb tsam ntawm lub substation ntev ntxiv rau 1,000 hli los ntawm lub substation dav ntxiv rau 1,000 hli.
• Rau qhov xav tau ntau dua, cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov tuab tuab (kwv yees li 150 mm) cam ncaj qha rau ntawm - qhov chaw muab qhov ruaj khov, theem mounting nto. Lub slab yuav tsum tau tsim nrog qhib rau cable nkag thiab yuav tsum muaj ib theem siab kam rau ua nyob rau hauv ± 1 hli tshaj 1 meter.
• Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau nce siab los yog qhov chaw nyob hauv av muaj kev txhawj xeeb, cov kab hluav taws xob txhawb nqa hauv ob lub trench ntawm Frost - pov thawj qhov tob, los yog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse tso rau ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub substation, muab kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua.
• Sealing thiab Barrier Protection.Tom qab kev teeb tsa cable tiav lawm, lub hauv paus qhib yuav tsum tau muab kaw kom tsis txhob nkag ntawm nas, kab, thiab ya raws. Cov kev xaiv muaj xws li backfilling nrog xuab zeb los yog gravel tom qab los ntawm ib tug nyias cement topping, los yog txhim kho lub hom phiaj -ua cover daim hlau muab nrog lub substation.

 

2.3 Ua ntej-Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv

Ua ntej pib kev teeb tsa, lub chaw xa khoom xa tawm thiab nws cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias qhov ua tiav thiab txheeb xyuas cov kev puas tsuaj uas tshwm sim thaum thauj.

• Kev soj ntsuam sab nraud.Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub thaiv kom pom kev puas tsuaj rau sab nrauv tiav, dents, deformations, tawg welds, los yog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- cov txheej txheem corrosion tseem nyob ruaj khov, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ces kaum, npoo, thiab nqa cov ntsiab lus.
• Kev tshuaj xyuas sab hauv.Qhib tag nrho cov compartments thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv sab hauv nrog rau cov khoom siv hloov pauv, hloov pauv, thiab cov cuab yeej pabcuam rau cov paib ntawm kev puas tsuaj, xoob qhov chaw, lossis cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tseem ruaj khov thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob tau raug xa mus thiab sau npe.
• Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.Paub meej tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau tam sim no, suav nrog phau ntawv qhia kev teeb tsa, daim duab kos duab, daim nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv npe sib tw nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, qib voltage, serial tooj, thiab hnub tsim khoom.
• Accessory Check.Xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov khoom siv tau raug suav nrog, suav nrog cov tes tuav haujlwm, cov qog hluav taws xob, cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv, tshuaj tua hluav taws, thiab txhua yam kev xaiv tau teev tseg hauv kev txiav txim.

 

 

 

 

3.1 Kev txiav txim siab thauj

Compact substations feem ntau yog thauj los ntawm lub Hoobkas yam tsis muaj kev ntim khoom tiav, txawm hais tias kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv xws li cov ntoo kaum tiv thaiv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab yas tuaj yeem siv rau kev ncua ntev lossis kev xa tawm.

Thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, lub substation yuav tsum tau ruaj khov rau lub tsheb thauj khoom los yog trailer kom tsis txhob hloov pauv, tipping, los yog kev puas tsuaj. Kev thauj cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm kwv yees li 75 hli hauv qhov siab thiab 150 hli dav yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab lub substation ntawm phab ntsa muab faib. Tshem tau cov hlua khi ob lub qhov muag ntsia ntawm lub kaum sab sauv ntawm lub qhov rooj muab cov ntsiab lus txuas ruaj ntseg rau kev txwv cov hlua. Cov hlua yuav tsum tsis txhob hla dhau lub ru tsev ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, vim qhov no yuav ua rau lub ru tsev puas thiab qhov chaw tiav.

Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub substation tsis tas yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov chaw geometric ntawm chav tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog lub Hoobkas- nruab rau hauv lub kaw lus (uas yuav yog rooj plaub rau qee qhov kev teeb tsa). Cov khoom siv thauj khoom thiab kev ruaj ntseg yuav tsum suav rau qhov kev faib tawm qhov hnyav.

 

3.2 Lifting Operations

Kev nqa lub substation me me los ntawm lub tsheb thauj mus rau nws lub hauv paus xav tau kev npaj ua tib zoo thiab ua kom tiav kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab cov khoom siv ncaj ncees.

Feem ntau cov chaw ua haujlwm me me yog muab nrog lub qhov muag lossis qhov txuas rau lub ru tsev lossis cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm hoisting. Txhua qhov nqa nqa yuav tsum tau siv thaum thauj cov cuab yeej- tsis muaj qhov nqa nqa yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, vim tias qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev thauj khoom tuaj yeem ua rau lub chaw nres tsheb sib tw lossis twist.

Thaum nqa, lub kaum sab xis siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlua nqa ntawm lub crane nuv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 60 degrees. Qhov ntev ntawm txhua txoj hlua nqa yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom lub substation tsis qaij ntau tshaj 3 degrees thaum nqa. Kho kom raug lifting straps xyuas kom meej tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus nyob ncaj qha rau hauv qab ntawm crane nuv, tiv thaiv uncontrolled viav vias los yog khi.

Cov khoom siv crane thiab nqa khoom yuav tsum raug ntsuas rau qhov kev thauj khoom txaus los tuav qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, uas muaj kwv yees li ntawm 10 metric tons (tsis muaj nruab nrab -voltage switchgear) txog 17 metric tons (tag nrho nruab nrog switchgear thiab transformer). Sudden, jerky txav thaum nqa yuav tsum zam.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob sawv hauv qab lub load thaum lub sijhawm nqa khoom, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ib tus neeg taug kev lossis sawv ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub substation txhua lub sijhawm. Kev nqa cov hlua los yog hooks yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov rau hauv lub ru tsev, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim thiab qhov chaw tiav.

 

3.3 Txoj hauj lwm hauv Foundation

Thaum lub substation tau raug tshem tawm thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus npaj, nws yuav tsum tau qis qis thiab coj mus rau nws txoj haujlwm kawg. Lub hauv paus ciam teb yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab nkag thiab qhov rooj qhib.

Tom qab lub substation raug teeb tsa, theem yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas. Kev hloov kho tuaj yeem ua tau siv cov ntawv ntim steel hauv qab cov ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus txheej txheem. Thauj tog rau nkoj bolts ntawm qhov tsim nyog thiab hom yuav tsum tau ntsia kom ruaj ntseg rau lub substation rau lub hauv paus, nrog nruj torques thov raws li teev los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus.

 

 

4.1 Enclosure Positioning thiab Securing

Nrog rau lub substation muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab hloov mus rau theem, nws yuav tsum tau anched rau hauv txoj hauj lwm. Qhov nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ncej tej zaum yuav ua raws li cov qauv rau drilling thauj tog rau nkoj bolt qhov rau hauv lub hauv paus pob zeb. Thauj tog rau nkoj bolts yuav tsum tau torqued rau cov nqi teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv installation.

Yog hais tias lub substation tau muab nrog lub pre- nruab ru tsev, tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm lub ru tsev rau installation. Hauv kev teeb tsa uas lub tshuab hloov pauv tsis yog lub Hoobkas- nruab, lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom tso cai rau qhov chaw hloov pauv ua ntej txuas ntxiv mus.

 

4.2 Kev teeb tsa cable thiab kev sib txuas

Kev teeb tsa cable yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm - chaw ua haujlwm hluav taws xob thiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab, ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Cable nkag.Cables rau nruab nrab -voltage kev twb kev txuas, low-voltage distribution, internal power supply, tiv thaiv grounding, thiab tswj thaiv yuav tsum tau hla los ntawm cov kev xaiv cable nkag rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab substation puag phaj. Cable nkag feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub substation los pab txhawb kev txiav ncaj qha mus rau hauv switchgear thiab transformer compartments.

Kev Txhaum Cai.Nruab nrab ntawm qhov qis -voltage switchgear thiab txuas inverters, peb -theem cables yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Qhov twg peb cais cable khiav nyob rau hauv AC cables (piv txwv li, cais cable raws), qhov sib nrug ntawm cable khiav yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog ob zaug ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm AC cable los tiv thaiv tam sim no imbalances. Ib kab hluav taws xob los ntawm txhua theem (L1, L2, thiab L3) yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txhua qhov kev khiav kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib npaug tam sim no.

Cable Termination.Nruab nrab- qhov kev txiav tawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv txiav tawm tsim nyog uas tau sib xws nrog cov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Txoj kev tshem tawm muaj xws li txias shrink, tshav kub shrink, thiab reusable insulating shrouds. Rau qhov txias shrink terminations, lub cev txiav tawm yog lub Hoobkas- nthuav dav mus rau ib qho tseem ceeb tshem tau; Thaum cov tub ntxhais raug tshem tawm, cov roj hmab silicone lub cev yuav txo qis kom ruaj ntseg nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov npaj cable kawg, tsim kom muaj dej- kaw ntom ntom yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cua sov lossis cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.

Rau reusable insulating shrouds, lub tes tsho nrog rau cov khoom siv txiav yuav tsum overlap lub thawv cable bushing yam tsawg 50 hli ntawm txhua theem. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm bushing yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv si, nyiam dua siv cov khoom siv abrasive, kom tshem tawm cov silicone tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev uas yuav muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw bushing. Cov kauj ruam no yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej cov dej- nruj sealing tom qab txiav tiav.

Thaum txiav cables rau transformer bushings los yog switchgear sockets, yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom zoo torque qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, kho bolts rau lub nplhaib hloov bushings (feem ntau M16 hex bolts) yuav tsum tau nruj torque ntawm kwv yees li 95 Nm.

Cable Clamping thiab Txhawb nqa.Cables yuav tsum raug clamped kom zoo los yog txhawb nqa ua ntej txiav kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab rau cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm bushings thiab txiav. Kev txhawb nqa tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau bushing puas thiab qhov kawg tsis ua haujlwm. Rau cov kab txuas mus rau qhov nruab nrab -voltage switchgear, pre-mounted cable fixing clamps txuas rau phab ntsa compartment muab cov neeg kho tshuab tuav.

Tiv thaiv Screen Earthing.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hlau ntawm txhua qhov nruab nrab -voltage cable yuav tsum tau earthed ntawm lub switchgear kawg nkaus xwb. Lub ntiaj teb grounding ntawm ob qho kawg tuaj yeem tsim cov circulating tam sim no uas ua rau cua sov thiab txo cov cable ampacity.

 

4.3 Transformer Installation

Yog hais tias lub substation compact xa tsis muaj lub Hoobkas -ntsuas transformer, lub transformer yuav tsum tau ntsia tom qab lub enclosure yog positioned. Lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom zoo kom nkag tau mus rau lub transformer compartment. Cov cuab yeej nqa khoom khaws cia hauv chav hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshem tawm lub ru tsev, txuas mus rau nruab nrab ntawm txhua lub ru tsev gable.

Lub transformer yuav tsum tau nqa mus rau hauv lub transformer compartment thiab teem mus rau lub mounting cov ntsiab lus. Qhov twg muaj qhov chaw sau roj (tus qauv hauv qee qhov kev teeb tsa), lub tshuab hloov pauv yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm cov kab ntoo uas nyob hauv lub qhov. Cov kab teeb no ua haujlwm rau ob lub hom phiaj: lawv faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv hauv qab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab lawv ua raws li kev vibration dampers rau tag nrho cov chaw nres tsheb.

Tom qab lub transformer yog positioned, qhov nruab nrab -voltage cables los ntawm lub switchgear thiab cov low-voltage kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub switchboard yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau hauv lub transformer bushings. Rau transformers nrog qhib terminals, cable lugs txuas ncaj qha mus rau bushings. Rau qhov kev ntaus nqi loj dua uas yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tam sim no ntau dua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cais tuaj yeem muab.

Lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum nyob twj ywm pom los ntawm lub qhov rooj tshuaj xyuas kom yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab saib xyuas lub sijhawm.

 

4.4 Substation Earthing

Kev tsim nyog hauv av (grounding) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm me me xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau lub ntiaj teb kev tsim thiab kev siv.

• Lub hom phiaj ntawm Earthing.Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau zoo muab txoj hauv kev qis -impedance rau qhov txhaum tam sim no rov qab mus rau qhov chaw, txwv qhov hluav taws xob nce thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhaum cai, ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob ruaj khov nrog rau hauv av, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub kaw lus thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug nyob twj ywm ntawm lossis zero lub peev xwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Kev tsim av tsim nyog tiv thaiv ob tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab, hluav taws kub, lossis khoom puas tsuaj.
• Qhov System Grounding.Qhov nruab nrab point ntawm lub transformer theem nrab winding yuav tsum tau grounded. Qhov system grounding txwv qhov voltage nce thaum ib zaug -theem- rau- hauv av faults thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv relays thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas.
• Khoom siv hauv av.Tag nrho cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv lub substation, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab -voltage switchgear vaj tsev, low-voltage switchboard, transformer tank, thiab substation enclosure nws tus kheej, yuav tsum tau ua ke ua ke thiab txuas nrog lub ntsiab earthing terminal. Cov khoom siv hauv av feem ntau ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb: thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov txhaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hauv av mus rau hauv av es tsis yog los ntawm tus neeg uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv.
• Earthing Conductors.Tus ntoo khaub lig-thaj chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb conductors yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua txhaum tam sim no thiab qhov tso cai kom sov. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional thaj chaw rau tooj liab earthing conductors nyob rau hauv ib tug compact substation muaj xws li 30 mm² rau lub ntsiab earthing kev twb kev txuas, 35 mm² rau nruab nrab -voltage switchgear thiab transformer earthing, thiab 95 mm² rau kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub low-voltage nruab nrab busbar.
• Earthing Electrodes.Kev sib txuas ntawm lub substation earthing system thiab lub ntiaj teb nws tus kheej yog ua tiav los ntawm cov av electrodes xws li tooj liab -clad steel rods uas tau tsav mus rau hauv av, av daim hlau faus kab rov tav, los yog faus tooj liab tapes. Cov pas nrig hauv av feem ntau yog tsav mus rau qhov tob ntawm 2.5 mus rau 3 meters. Ntau tus pas nrig tau sib nrug tsawg kawg 5 meters sib nrug los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Lub ntiaj teb daim phiaj feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev tsav tsheb ntawm plaub fab ntawm lub hauv paus thiab interconnecting lawv nrog ib tug faus neeg xyuas pib voj.
• Grounding Resistance.Lub hom phiaj grounding resistance rau lub substation earthing system feem ntau yog 5 ohms los yog tsawg dua, tab sis qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsim lawv lub tshuab kom ua tiav ob peb feem kaum ntawm 1 ohm. Additives xws li resistivity-lowering agents yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv siab -resistivity av kom ua tau raws li qhov pom zoo grounding resistance values.
• Kev Sib Txuas Lus.Lub substation enclosure yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab txuas nrog rau daim phiaj hauv av ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus sib cais. Lub ntsiab earthing davhlau ya nyob twg, feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg -voltage compartment, ua hauj lwm raws li lub interface ntawm lub internal substation earthing system thiab lub sab nraud system earthing conductor. Hauv TN-C systems, lub ntiaj teb tiv thaiv thiab nruab nrab tus neeg xyuas pib (PEN) tau ua ke thiab txuas nrog PEN busbar. Nyob rau hauv TN-S systems nrog cais nruab nrab thiab tiv thaiv conductors, txhua tus neeg xyuas pib txuas mus rau nws cov busbar, nrog rau nruab nrab thiab tiv thaiv lub ntiaj teb sib txuas ntawm lub hauv paus.

 

4.5 Thaum kawg Installation Checks

Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kev teeb tsa, kev txiav cable, thiab kev sib txuas hauv av, kev tshuaj xyuas zaum kawg yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.

Xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua lub qhov rooj qhib thiab kaw kom zoo yam tsis muaj kev khi lossis quab yuam ntau dhau. Paub meej tias tag nrho cov kev sib txuas bolted nruj thaum lub sij hawm installation tseem ruaj ntseg, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas busbar, cable terminations, thiab earthing bonds. Factory-Tightened fasteners feem ntau yog cim nrog cov xim raws li qhov pom kev ntawm lub zog tsim nyog; xyuas tias cov cim no tsis tau hloov.

Tshawb xyuas tag nrho cov cable nkag kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tau raug kaw kom zoo tiv thaiv cov dej nkag thiab nas nkag. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov ntawv ceeb toom muaj nyob thiab muab kho kom raug hauv txhua qhov chaw xav tau. Tshem tawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws, suav nrog cov ntsia hlau xoob, txiv ntseej, cov cuab yeej, lossis cov khib nyiab, los ntawm txhua qhov chaw.

 

 

 

 

5.1 Ua ntej-Kev Tshawb Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob

Ua ntej lub substation compact tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam, ib qho kev kuaj xyuas thiab kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias lub installation tau npaj txhij rau kev ua haujlwm thiab txhua lub tshuab kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau.

Kev soj ntsuam ua ntej.Ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej hauv qab no nrog txhua lub tshuab hloov pauv hauv de- lub zog muaj zog:

Xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua qhov hloov pauv -disconnectors thiab Circuit Court breakers nyob rau hauv OFF txoj hauj lwm ua ntej mus. Paub meej tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tshuab thiab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam, uas yog tsim los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Rau SF6-insulated switchgear, xyuas cov roj ntsuas ntsuas kom paub meej tias lub siab tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw teev tseg (feem ntau tus pointer yuav tsum nyob rau thaj tsam ntsuab ntawm qhov ntsuas).

Xyuas kom meej tias lub hwj chim tswj tau muaj thiab tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv relays thiab meters raug teeb tsa kom raug thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Ua ib qho kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm lub nplhaib tseem ceeb thiab qis -voltage vaj huam sib luag tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv kab ke, soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm Circuit Court breaker qhib thiab kaw ua haujlwm.

Kev ntsuas rwb thaiv tsev.Ntsuas qhov rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm txhua theem tus neeg xyuas pib. Cov qauv kev coj ua yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev tsis pub tsawg dua 200 mega-ohms. Kev nyeem qis dua yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev puas tsuaj los yog muaj kab mob, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv yuav raug lees paub ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.

Kev Ntsuas Dielectric.Yog tias xav tau los ntawm cov kev cai hauv zos lossis cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb, lub zog - zaus ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav raug ua. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav tsum siv rau ntawm qhov chaw yog feem ntau 80% ntawm lub Hoobkas ntsuas tus nqi teev hauv IEC 60694, thov rau lub sijhawm teev tseg.

Theem Sequence Verification.Paub meej tias cov theem ua ntu zus ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab tuaj txog -voltage mov matches qhov yuav tsum tau tig rau lub transformer thiab downstream khoom. Ib theem tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev muaj zog khiav rov qab thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee qhov kev tiv thaiv relays.

 

5.2 Kauj Ruam -los ntawm - Kauj Ruam Kev Ua Haujlwm Sib Tw

Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej - zog txaus siab, lub chaw nres tsheb yuav raug xa mus siv cov kab hauv qab no.

Kauj Ruam 1-Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Txiav Txim Siab.Ua ntej pib, paub meej tias txhua qhov hloov pauv nyob rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm OFF lossis OPEN, suav nrog qhov qis -voltage switchgear, nruab nrab-voltage switchgear, thiab tej yam me me Circuit Court breakers tswj cov pab cuam circuits.

Kauj Ruam 2-Ntev-Voltage Energization.Tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm raug tso cai raug cob qhia hauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txuas qhov nruab nrab -voltage mov rau lub transformer. Qhov nruab nrab -voltage switchgear yuav tsum tau hloov mus raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj zog, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum sawv ntsug thiab saib xyuas cov khoom siv rau cov suab txawv txav, arcing, lossis lwm yam cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Kauj Ruam 3-Kev kuaj xyuas hluav taws xob tsawg.Tom qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua kom muaj zog, xyuas qhov qis AC voltage tam sim no ntawm qhov qis -voltage switchgear. Ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab sau cov txiaj ntsig no hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm commissioning. Qhov ntsuas qis voltage yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ± 5 volts ntawm lub inverter nominal voltage. Yog tias qhov sib txawv dhau qhov kev zam no, cov kais dej hloov pauv yuav tsum tau kho nrog rau ntawm -load kais - hloov pauv, tom qab ntawd qhov hluav taws xob rov- ntsuas thiab txheeb xyuas.

Kauj Ruam 4-Internal Power Supply Connection.Yog hais tias lub substation muaj xws li ib tug internal power supply transformer, lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua los ntawm kaw lub ntsiab Circuit Court breaker ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb sub- faib board. Tom qab ntawd, kaw ib qho me me ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau qhov chaw nres tsheb teeb pom kev zoo, lub qhov hluav taws xob hauv av (kom ntseeg tau tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ua haujlwm tau zoo), cua kiv cua, ntsuas ntsuas, thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.

Kauj ruam 5-Inverter fais fab mov kev twb kev txuas.Kaw lub Circuit Court breaker sau "Voltage supply SC1" rau thawj inverter. Yog tias ob lub inverters raug teeb tsa, kaw qhov txuas txuas txuas rau lub inverter thib ob.

Kauj ruam 6-Low-Voltage Switchgear Energization.Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev kuaj xyuas tiav, qhov qis -voltage switchgear yuav raug hloov mus rau lub zog xa mus rau cov khoom xa tawm hauv qab. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau energizing low-voltage switchgear yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm switchgear manufacturers.

Kauj Ruam 7-Inverter Commissioning.Tom qab ua tiav lub zog ntawm lub substation thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov theem voltage, cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov inverter tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li cov chaw tsim khoom siv inverter cov lus qhia.

 

5.3 Kev Ua Haujlwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Cov txheej txheem commissioning yuav tsum tau sau kom meej. Rau kev lees paub thiab kev lees paub thov kom tseem siv tau, qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, qhov pib pib- tuaj yeem yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis lawv cov neeg sawv cev tso cai, lossis daim ntawv tshaj tawm ua tiav thiab kos npe yuav tsum tau xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom ua ntej muab cov khoom siv hauv kev pabcuam.

Cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj xws li:

• Lub substation serial tooj thiab hom npe
• Installation site chaw nyob
• Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas voltage
• Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv
• Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm theem ua ntu zus
• Kev pom zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv relay chaw tsim nyog
• Kev lees paub tias txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ua haujlwm raug
• Kev kos npe zaum kawg - tawm los ntawm lub luag haujlwm commissioning engineer

 

5.4 Kev lees txais zaum kawg

Tom qab lub substation tau energized thiab tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua tau zoo raws li kev txaus siab, lub installation tau txais kev pab. Cov ntaub ntawv commissioning yuav tsum tau xa nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus rau lub substation, nkag tau yooj yim rau yav tom ntej siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tu.

Txhua tus yuam sij rau lub qhov rooj xauv yuav tsum raug muab tshem tawm ntawm lub xauv thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj ntseg, tsim nyog siv tau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tso cai nkaus xwb. Lub substation enclosure yuav tsum raug kaw kom tsis txhob muaj kev tso cai nkag mus, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cov cai thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.

 

 

 

6.1 Cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm li qub

Compact substations yog tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li raws li cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov xwm txheej no tau khaws cia thoob plaws lub chaw nres tsheb hauv lub neej ua haujlwm.

• Hluav taws xob Parameters.Qhov siv voltage thiab load tam sim no yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau teev tseg rau ntawm lub substation nameplate. Kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua saum cov nqi ntsuas ua rau overheating, ua kom cov rwb thaiv tsev laus, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.
• Cov xwm txheej puag ncig.Lub substation yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv nws lub cheeb tsam qhov kub thiab txias, uas feem ntau yog −20℃rau +45℃rau tus qauv configurations. Cov av noo txheeb ze yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 15% thiab 95% (tsis yog -condensing). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab tshaj 1,000 meters yuav tsum tau derating ntawm voltage withstand peev.
• Qhov cua.Lub substation tso siab rau feem ntau ntawm huab cua ncig los ntawm cov louvers hauv lub qhov rooj rau qhov cua txias. Transformer compartment qhov rooj yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam, thiab cov nroj tsuag loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub substation yuav tsum tau txiav raws li xav tau los tswj kom muaj cua txaus.

 

6.2 Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm

• Li qub Switching Operations.Thaum ua haujlwm lub nplhaib tseem ceeb lossis lwm yam hloov pauv hauv lub chaw nres tsheb, yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm kom raug. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua ntej qhib lub hau npog cable, cov khoom noj uas cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau earthed thiab txheeb xyuas de-energized.
• Mechanical Interlocks.Lub substation suav nrog cov khoom siv sib cuam tshuam tsim los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, xws li qhib lub qhov rooj cable compartment ua ntej Circuit Court yog earthed. Lub interlock yuav tsum raug muab tshem tawm ua ntej txhua qhov kev sim ua haujlwm; yuam yav dhau los ib qho kev cuam tshuam qhia tau hais tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis raug uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
• Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm insulated.Ib qho kev ua haujlwm insulated yuav tsum tau siv thaum twg yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm hloov pauv. Kev khiav hauj lwm kov muab nrog lub substation feem ntau haum rau lub hom phiaj no.
• Visual Indicators.Ua ntej ua cov txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob capacitive yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Lub teeb taw qhia teeb pom kev muaj kab hluav taws xob; qhov taw qhia tsis muaj hluav taws xob qhia tias tsis muaj hluav taws xob, txawm hais tias tseem yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom paub tseeb tias de-energization los ntawm lwm txoj kev ua ntej kov cov conductors.

 

6.3 Kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua ntu zus saib lub substation kom pom cov tsos mob txawv txav.

• Audible Indicators.Mloog cov suab nrov txawv txav xws li humming uas tau hloov pauv hauv lub suab lossis lub suab, cov suab nrov nrov uas tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj qhov paug tawm, lossis kev siv tshuab rattling los ntawm cov khoom xoob.
• Visual Indicators.Saib xyuas qhov hluav taws xob thiab kev nyeem tam sim no ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntsuas, saib qhov txawv txav los yog nyeem sab nraum qhov xav tau. Xyuas kom tag nrho cov xwm txheej qhia thiab cov teeb ceeb toom qhia kom raug thiab tsis muaj lub tswb ntsuas.
• Kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig.Txheeb xyuas qhov kub thiab av noo nyob rau sab hauv txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov kub ntau dhau yuav qhia tau tias muaj xwm txheej dhau los lossis qhov cua thaiv. Condensation nyob rau hauv compartments yuav qhia tau hais tias cov cua kub los yog dehumidification khoom tsis ua hauj lwm zoo.

 

 

7.1 Kev Kho Vaj Tse

Tsis tu ncua, kev saib xyuas zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm me me thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej kev pab cuam. Ib qhov chaw zoo- npaj kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas xyuas pom cov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ntxov, tso cai rau kev kho ua ntej qhov ua tsis tiav, yog li tiv thaiv tsis tau npaj txhij, teeb meem kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev.

Cov dej num tu vaj tse tau muab faib ua peb theem:

• Kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub.Ua sab nraud thaum lub substation tseem ua haujlwm. Kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov hluav taws xob thiab kev nyeem tam sim no, kuaj xyuas lub suab nrov lossis tsw ntxhiab, thiab saib xyuas ib puag ncig ib puag ncig ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm cov chaw saib xyuas tsis tu ncua.
• Kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus.Ua raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg nrog lub chaw nres tsheb hauv kev ua haujlwm (kev soj ntsuam ib txwm) lossis de-energized (kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws). Kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm tsom rau cov xwm txheej sab nraud xws li kev ua qias tuaj thiab corrosion. Kev soj ntsuam kom ntxaws yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, kev tswj hwm, kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv.
• Kev pab.Ua thaum kev tshuaj xyuas qhia pom cov xwm txheej txawv txav lossis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau teev tseg (piv txwv li, 1,000 kev ua haujlwm rau qee yam khoom siv hloov pauv).

 

7.2 Pom zoo Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas

Kev tu ncua sib txawv raws li ib puag ncig, lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no muab cov lus qhia dav dav:

• Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag:Txhua hli, lossis ntau zaus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav xws li ib puag ncig ntug hiav txwv, siab - thaj chaw muaj kuab paug hauv kev lag luam, lossis thaj chaw uas muaj plua plav lossis xuab zeb hnyav.
• Kev tu txhua hnub:Txhua 6 mus rau 12 lub hlis, nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev thauj khoom.
• Comprehensive Overhaul:Txhua 3 mus rau 5 xyoos rau cov khoom siv feem ntau, lossis raws li cov chaw tsim khoom- cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
• Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws soj ntsuam ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm mechanisms:Kwv yees li ntawm txhua txhua 6 xyoo rau Circuit Court breaker mechanisms thiab lwm yam khoom siv nquag ua haujlwm.

 

7.3 Cov txheej txheem tu

• Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag.Ua ib qho kev taug kev kom huv si- nyob ib ncig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub substation sab nrauv. Tshawb xyuas lub thawv rau xeb, dents, deformation, lossis puas tsuaj rau cov txheej tiv thaiv -corrosion. Xyuas kom tseeb tias tag nrho cov cim ceeb toom thiab cov ntawv cim tseem nyob thiab pom tau. Xyuas kom meej tias cov qhov rooj thiab cov khoom ntim tau raug kaw kom zoo thiab cov louvers tseem tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
• De-Kev tu kom muaj zog.Thaum ua tiav kev saib xyuas kom ntxaws, lub chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog thiab raug kaw raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb uas siv tau. Tom qab kev sib cais, cov plua plav thiab cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Insulators, bushings, thiab lwm yam rwb thaiv tsev qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntxuav siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum los yog compressed cua qhuav. Cov nplaum nplaum los yog roj tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm nrog lint -dawb daim ntaub dipped rau hauv tus neeg saib xyuas kev pom zoo.
• Kev Txuas Tightening.Vim thermal expansion thiab contraction cycles, terminal kev twb kev txuas yuav loosen lub sij hawm. Thaum lub sij hawm txij nkawm, tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm busbar, cable terminations, thiab earthing bonds yuav tsum tau retightened mus rau qhov teev torque qhov tseem ceeb uas siv lub calibrated torque wrench.
• Mechanical Component Check.Kev khiav hauj lwm mechanisms rau Circuit Court breakers, disconnectors, thiab keyboards yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 10 mus rau 12 lub sij hawm kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam muaj nuj nqi. Txheeb xyuas qhov kev txav ntawm cov chais, pins, thiab zawv zawg qhov chaw. Lubricate mechanical Cheebtsam siv cov lubricants pom zoo raws li tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom; cov roj qub yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej cov roj tshiab yuav raug siv.
• Hluav taws xob thiab Thermal Test.Ua kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm dielectric. Thermographic scanning (kev tshuaj xyuas infrared) yuav tsum tau ua kom pom cov hotspots uas qhia txog kev sib txuas xoob, overloaded circuits, lossis yuav ua tsis tiav. Kev ntsuam xyuas ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev tiv thaiv relays, qhov ntsuas qhov tsis raug, thiab txhua yam khoom siv hloov pauv hloov pauv.
• Gas Siab Saib Xyuas.Rau SF6-insulated switchgear, xyuas kom meej tias cov roj ntsuas ntsuas tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntsuab (feem ntau yog 0.25 txog 0.5 bar txheeb ze ntawm 20 degree). Yog hais tias lub siab mus txog lub tswb, qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas. Gas ceev saib nrog lub tswb thiab cov neeg mus ncig ua si muab kev ceeb toom tsis siv neeg ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj siab.
• Grounding System Verification.Txheeb xyuas qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov av hauv av ntawm txhua qhov chaw nkag tau. Ntsuas av tiv thaiv ib ntus kom paub meej tias nws tseem nyob hauv qhov kev txwv (feem ntau 5 ohms lossis tsawg dua). Kev soj ntsuam pom ntawm kev sib txuas hauv av yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua daim ntawv cog lus tseem nruj thiab tsis muaj corrosion.
• Kev Pabcuam Kev Tshawb Fawb.Txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm kom raug ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, qhov rooj- cov keyboards ua haujlwm, ntsuas kub thiab av noo, kiv cua ua haujlwm, thiab txhua qhov teeb tsa hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob kuaj pom. Yog tias cov kiv cua tsis pib cia li pib, lub ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau qhov chaw qis dua qhov ntsuas kub tam sim no kom pib cov kiv cua los ntawm kev ntsuas lub hom phiaj.

 

7.4 Kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb

• Ring Main Units.RMU yog tsim los ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas ntau heev -dawb, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tshuaj xyuas ib ntus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj- cov seem kaw tau txuas ntxiv saib xyuas los ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas roj thiab tsis tas yuav hloov kho lub sijhawm. Kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tau pom zoo kwv yees li ntawm 6 xyoo.
• Hloov pauv.Rau cov roj-immersed transformers, roj kub thiab cua kub yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Lub transformer tiv thaiv chav tsev yuav tsum tau configured nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias. Txheeb xyuas cov roj xau, tshwj xeeb nyob ib puag ncig cov pob qij txha cemented, gaskets, thiab bushing seals. Lub bushing mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm kev taug qab, tawg, lossis kis kab mob.
• Tsawg-Voltage Switchgear.Tshawb xyuas Circuit Court breakers rau cov cim qhia ntawm overheating, nrog rau cov discoloration ntawm terminals los yog melting ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khoom siv tam sim no (RCDs) ua haujlwm kom raug los ntawm kev sim raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.

 

7.5 Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb

Txhua txoj haujlwm tu yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog paub txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas.

Ua ntej ib qho haujlwm ua tiav ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb substation, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau de{0}}energized. Tsib Txoj Cai Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Engineering yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li:

• Isolate (tshem tawm los ntawm txhua qhov chaw muab khoom)
• Ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv rov qab
• Xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg cais tawm ntawm cov khoom
• Lub ntiaj teb thiab luv -circuit
• Npog lossis thaiv qhov chaw nyob ib sab

Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (xws li, thaum muaj teeb meem), cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb kom zoo nrog rau cov hnab looj tes insulated, insulating mats, thiab lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv.

Kev tu cov dej num uas yuav tsum tau qhib lub qhov rooj hloov pauv lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lub nplhaib lub ntsiab; kev khiav hauj lwm cov kev sib cuam tshuam tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij, yog li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tau teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws.

 

 

8.1 Cov Teeb Meem Zoo thiab Kev Kho Kom Zoo

• Cov suab nrov txawv txav los ntawm Transformer.Yog hais tias lub transformer emissions crackling, buzzing ntawm hloov suab, los yog lwm yam unexpected suab, tej zaum yuav muaj xws li cov tub ntxhais loosening, winding zog, ib nrab paug, los yog hnyav overload. Lub load yuav tsum tau txo thiab lub transformer soj ntsuam.
• Kub dhau heev lawm.Kev ua haujlwm siab kub yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov xwm txheej dhau los, qhov cua tsis zoo, qhov kub thiab txias, lossis cov khoom siv sab hauv tsis ua haujlwm. Txheeb xyuas cov theem load, tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov cua louvers, thiab siv thermal imaging los txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov cua sov.
• SF6 Low Pressure Tswb.Lub siab poob qis tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj qhov xau hauv lub tank kaw. Yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd, raws li kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab cuam tshuam cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab arc -quenching peev xwm. Cov dej xau yuav tsum nyob thiab kho, thiab cov roj siab rov qab mus rau qib ntsuas.
• Av Fault Indication.Thaum qhov taw qhia qhov yuam kev lossis kev tiv thaiv relay qhia tias muaj qhov txhaum hauv av, qhov cuam tshuam yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas thiab cais tawm. Kev tshawb xyuas yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb qhov txhaum puas yog ib ntus (piv txwv li, tshwm sim los ntawm cov av noo ib ntus lossis cov tsiaj qus) los yog mus tas li (kev puas tsuaj hauv kab hluav taws xob lossis kev ua haujlwm sab hauv).

 

8.2 Thaum Hu Rau Tus Neeg Tsim Khoom

Qee qhov xwm txheej xav tau cov chaw tsim khoom txhawb nqa lossis lub Hoobkas - cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tso cai. Hu rau cov chaw tsim khoom thaum:

• Lub substation yuav tsum tau hloov cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tsis yog npaj rau kev ua haujlwm
• Internal arc lossis loj hluav taws xob txhaum tau tshwm sim
• Kev kho nyuaj rau SF6-insulated switchgear yog yuav tsum tau
• Cov xwm txheej txawv txav tau ntsib uas tsis suav nrog los ntawm phau ntawv qhia no lossis cov khoom siv -cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb
• Cov chaw tiv thaiv relay yuav tsum tau suav rov qab los yog rov kho dua li kev hloov kho tus qauv

 

 

 

Cov kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thoob plaws hauv kev teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov substations compact.

• Hluav taws xob poob siab.High voltages muaj nyob rau hauv lub substation. Ua ntej ib qho kev ua haujlwm tiav, lub substation yuav tsum tau de-energized los ntawm txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog qis-voltage switchgear, nruab nrab-voltage switchgear, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud. Tom qab de-energization, txheeb xyuas qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob ua ntej kov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
• Arc Flash Hazard.Compact substations tsim los rau IEC 62271-202 suav nrog cov kev faib tawm sab hauv uas muaj lub zog arc nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tau hais tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov haujlwm ntawm lossis nyob ze cov cuab yeej siv zog tseem yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog thiab ua raws li cov qauv siv arc flash kev nyab xeeb.
• Hlawv Hazard.Qee cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fuses thiab transformer bushings, tuaj yeem kub thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Hnav cov hnab looj tes tsim nyog thaum tuav lossis ua haujlwm ze ntawm cov khoom no, thiab tso cai rau lub sijhawm txias txaus ua ntej ua haujlwm tu.
• Hluav Taws Xob.Kev nyab xeeb ntawm yam tsawg kawg yog 5,000 hli los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Lub substation feem ntau yog muab nrog lub tshuab tua hluav taws ua ib feem ntawm tus qauv xa khoom, uas yuav tsum nyob twj ywm siv tau thiab tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua rau kev pabcuam.
• Ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb.Thaum tuav SF6 roj los ntawm switchgear, ib puag ncig tau siv txoj kev. Cov khoom siv roj rov qab los tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm SF6, uas yog lub tsev cog khoom muaj zog.

 

 

10. Hais txog Transformer Installation & Kev Qhia Kev Ua Haujlwm

Compact substations integrate transformer thiab switchgear nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw-ntau qhov chaw rau kev faib tawm sab nraum zoov. Rau ib txwm transformer hom nrog sib txawv mounting, cua txias, los yog enclosure designs, thov mus saib cov nram qab no cov lus qhia.

• Substation Transformer Installation and Operation Guide
• Fais fab Transformer Installation and Operation Guide
• Ncej Mounted Transformer Installation thiab Ua Haujlwm Qhia
• Pad Mounted Transformer Installation thiab Ua Haujlwm Qhia
• Dry Type Transformer Installation and Operation Guide

 

 

 

 

 

11. Cov ntaub ntawv

Compact substations yog hom- sim mus rau qhov tshiab tshaj tawm ntawm IEC 62271-202, uas qhia meej txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov chaw nres tsheb me me. Cov qauv siv tau ntxiv muaj xws li IEC 62271-1 rau cov kev hloov pauv ntau yam, IEC 62271-100 rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, IEC 62271-200 rau switchgear cubicles, IEC 62271-102 rau disconnectors thiab earthing keyboards, IEC 62271-105 rau kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv, IEC 62271-103 IEC 60076 rau cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, thiab IEC 61439 rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg-voltage.

Rau ib qho lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog kev teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm, lossis kev saib xyuas ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb sib txuas, hu rau cov chaw tsim khoom cov kev pabcuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: tus lej xov tooj ntawm lub substation, hom kev xaiv, thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm installation.