Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm transformer

 

1.1 rwb thaiv tsev txhais

Cov ntaub ntawv Rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv siv ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub transformer. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov cua sib txawv ntawm cov cua sib txawv, ntawm cov windings thiab lub casing, thiab ntawm windings thiab lwm yam windings. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv insulating kom ntseeg tau tias tus hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kom muaj kev ntxhov siab rau hluav taws xob tsim nyog, kev sib tw hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ua txhaum.

 

1.2 Rwb thaiv tsev muaj nuj nqi

• Hluav Taws Xob Txwv Hluav Taws Xob

Cov ntaub ntawv insulating tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob luv luv lossis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev muab cov hluav taws xob siab los ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tiv thaiv mus rau lwm lossis hauv av.

• Kev ua tau zoo siab ua tau zoo

Cov ntaub ntawv insulating yuav tsum muaj peev xwm los nrog cov hluav taws xob ntau thiab nrawm nrawm thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws xob lossis cov haujlwm hloov pauv lossis hloov chaw) tsis muaj hluav taws xob tawg.

• Thaum tshav kub ua hauj lwm kev ua yeeb yam

Transformers tsim cua sov thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, yog li cov ntaub ntawv insulating yuav tsum muaj kub txaus kom tiv thaiv kev ua tsis taus lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm qhov kub siab.

• kev tiv thaiv txhua yam

Cov ntaub ntawv insulating tseem yuav tsum tau muab kev txhawb nqa tshuab thiab lwm yam hluav taws xob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj vim yog kev ntxhov siab lossis kev poob siab lossis sab nraud.

• Lub sij hawm ntev ruaj khov

Cov ntaub ntawv insulating yuav tsum muaj kev ua kom zoo los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lawv cov peev txheej hluav taws xob thiab cov neeg siv tshuab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev.

 

1.3 hom rwb thaiv tsev

• wwb cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev: Enameled Hlau, Ntawv-Clad Hlau, Fiberglass Daim Kab Xev, thiab lwm yam

• Cov ntaub ntawv insulating tseem ceeb: Cov Ntawv Hluav Taws Xob, Epoxy Resin, Insulating Roj

• spacers thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa: Nias Ntoo Cov laug cam, Epoxy Iav Fiber Ntau

• rwb thaiv tsev ntawm windings: Interlayer rwb thaiv tsev ntawv, polyester zaj duab xis

• Xaus cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev kawg: Insulating lub tes tsho, xaus rwb thaiv tsev

• Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev: insulating sheath, insulating daim kab xev

• Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv insulating: Mica daim kab xev, high-kub resistant gasket

• Cov thaiv kom huv thiab cov qauv hluav taws xob: Insulating Partition Partition Camts, Insulating Soj Ntsuam

• Cov roj insulating: Feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov roj-raus transformers, nws pab ob lub hom phiaj ntawm txias thiab rwb thaiv tsev

• Hloov pauv hluav taws xob sab nraud: Plooj (veneers) bushings, siv qhov hluav taws xob qib siab txhuas, muab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev pabcuam hluav taws xob

 

 

2.1 lub ntsiab txhais ntawm cov nyiaj rwb thaiv tsev

Lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tus hloov pauv yog hais txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib cais sab hauv (xws li lub zog hluav taws xob kev ntxhov siab lossis hloov cov haujlwm hluav taws xob) tsis muaj hluav taws xob tawg. Nws yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas tus hloov pauv hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob xws li hluav taws xob ntaus hluav taws xob (xws li xob laim thiab hloov chaw haujlwm) thaum ua haujlwm. Qib rwb thaiv tsev ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm kev hloov pauv.

 

2.2 Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qib rwb thaiv tsev

• Kev thev taus muaj peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob kev ntxhov siab

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm qib rwb thaiv tsev yog kom ntseeg tau tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov hloov hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog hluav taws xob tsis sib haum.

• Cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating

Cov qib rwb thaiv tsev yog hais txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv insulating. Lub Dielectric lub zog, tshav kub ua kom tsis, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, noo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas lub transformer tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau.

• Rwb Thaiv Tsev Tsim

Cov qib rwb thaiv tsev kuj yog nyob ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov kev hloov pauv, xws li cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov xwm txheej kub.

• Kev ntseeg siab tag nrho ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev

Cov qib rwb thaiv tsev tsis tsuas yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho, tab sis kuj suav nrog kev ntseeg tau ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem hauv kev tsim qauv, chaw tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm. Ib qho kev ua tau zoo rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws cov kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob thaum ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab kev hloov pauv kev laus los ntawm kev laus lossis ib puag ncig hloov.

 

3.1 Xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob

Rwb thaiv tsev theem yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj zog hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam nrog cov hluav taws xob sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim. Cov roj rwb thaiv cov qib siab txhais tau txhais tau tias cov hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kev ntxhov siab no tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, yog li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb tag nrho ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev hauv paus yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam txog seb tus transformer yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj, khoom siv hnyav vim muaj hluav taws xob ua txhaum.

 

3.2 Txhim kho qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov hloov pauv

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, hloov pauv yuav ntsib ntau yam kev ntxhov siab, xws li overvoltage thiab nrawm voltage spikes. Cov theem rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm hloov pauv kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ib txwm thaum ntsib cov kev cov nyom no, zam kev ua tsis tiav lossis tso tawm. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kom muaj kev ntseeg tau ntawm tus hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tau txo cov nqi kho thiab hloov tus nqi tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum.

 

3.3 Ntiav Kev Pab Lub Neej

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, hloov pauv yuav ntsib ntau yam kev ntxhov siab, xws li overvoltage thiab nrawm voltage spikes. Cov theem rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm hloov pauv kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ib txwm thaum ntsib cov kev cov nyom no, zam kev ua tsis tiav lossis tso tawm. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kom muaj kev ntseeg tau ntawm tus hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tau txo cov nqi kho thiab hloov tus nqi tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum.

 

3.4 Teb rau kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig

Transformers feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau txoj kev ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov av noo ntau, muaj kuab paug siab dua thiab lwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Qib siab rwb thaiv tsev ua kom tus transformer kom yoog raws li cov kev mob ib puag ncig no yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev lossis ua tsis tiav. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hnyav, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw ntug hiav txwv, thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam lossis thaj chaw siab tshaj.

 

3.5 tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog

Tam sim ntawd cov xwm txheej xws li xob laim thiab hloov kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tsim kev kub ntxhov heev ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Qhov siab rwb thaiv tsev theem ntawm tus hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias nws tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov xwm txheej rwbwb tawm vim yog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hwj chim daim phiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog huab cua huab lossis muaj zog ua haujlwm ntau zaus.

 

3.6 Ua tau raws cov qauv thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Lub zog kev lag luam muaj cov qauv nruj thiab tswj hwm rau cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hloov pauv ntawm cov hloov hluav taws xob) lossis IEEE (lub koom haum ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob) cov qauv. Cov qib rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm ua kom tau raws li cov hloov pauv tau nrog cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, yog pom tias lawv cov kev hloov kho tau thiab kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog pab ua kom ua raws li cov khoom lag luam, tab sis kuj muab kev lav rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hloov pauv hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab cov cheeb tsam.

 

3.7 txo cov kev saib xyuas thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm

Transformers nrog lub siab rwb thaiv tsev muaj tsawg dua kev ua txhaum thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas txhais tau tias tsawg dua cov kev xav tau thiab poob qis, yog li txo cov nqi ua haujlwm. Ib qho ntxiv, lub siab rwb thaiv tsev theem kuj tseem txo cov nqi kho thiab hloov cov nqi los ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev laus lossis tsis ua tiav.

 

3.8 Txhawb kev sib zog nqus

Transformers yog cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ncaj qha cuam tshuam tag nrho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hwj chim sib tw. Ib qib rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm ua kom pom tseeb tias kev hloov pauv tau nyab xeeb, txo cov saw hlau tsis ua haujlwm, thiab yog li lav cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv thiab lav ris cov fais fab tuag.

 

3.9 cov ntsiab lus

Lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tus hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev ntseeg tau, ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov chaw ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab tsim khoom hloov pauv hloov nrog cov khoom muaj rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo, thiab cov nqi tswj thiab tu tau. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo no tau qhib ntau ntau cov qib kom nyob qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv, khoom tsim khoom lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm thiab tu cov tshuab hluav taws xob.

 

4.1 Thov voltage kuaj - txhais lus txhais

Lub tshuab siv voltage ntawm ib transformer, tseem hu ua lub zog zaus tiv thaiv kev sim, yog qhov kev ntsuas ntawm lub transformer uas yog siab dua nws cov kev siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm withst thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm nws rwb thaiv tsev cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv huab voltage tej yam kev mob. Qhov kev ntsuas no feem ntau yog nqa tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab ntawm-chaw txais kev ntsuam xyuas, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag.

4.1.1 thov voltage kuaj - lub hom phiaj

• Txheeb xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev

Los ntawm kev thov lub zog hluav taws xob ntau dua li cov kev siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, ntawm cov windings thiab lub zog, thiab lub casing muaj lub zog txaus

• Tshawb cov tshuab ua kom raug

Sab nraud nrog kev kuaj ntsuas hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis xws luag hauv cov txheej txheem hloov chaw, xws li cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev. Cov tsis zoo no muaj feem ntau yuav raug kuaj pom hauv qab cov kev mob siab

• Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm

Los ntawm sab nraud nrog voltage voltage, nws yog kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab tsis txaus siab ua haujlwm lossis tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau hluav taws xob.

4.1.2 THOV VERTAGE TEST - Txoj Kev Txheej txheem cej luam

Kev siv voltage ntsuas ntsuas cuam tshuam nrog kev sim voltings, xws li ob zaug lub rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv huab voltage tej yam kev mob.

 

4.2 xob laim yuam kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuam xyuas-Bil - Txhais

Lub laim xob laim kev sim yog ib txoj kev sim uas simulates lub zog wwjchim ci ntsa iab (xws li hloov pauv) nyob rau hauv xob laim. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem zam kev rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm tus hloov pauv.

4.2.1 Laim hluav taws xob tsis ncaj tiv thaiv Foundstand xeem-Bil - Lub Hom Phiaj

• Txheeb xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev

Los ntawm kev thov high-voltage pulses uas simuling laim rwb thaiv tsev, seb puas tau sim seb puas muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv rau kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob.

• Tshawb nrhiav tej yam tsis xws luag

Tshawb nrhiav qhov tsis xws luag nyob hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev, xws li npuas, tawg lossis teeb meem laus. Cov tsis zoo no yuav tsis pom thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua haujlwm hauv xob laim.

• Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv

Xyuas kom meej tias tus hloov pauv yuav ua haujlwm nyab xeeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis kev ua haujlwm hnyav ua rau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm.

4.2.2 Laim Imuls WallSt Tso-Bil - Txoj Kev Txheej txheem cej luam

Siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis sib haum, cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob simulating xob laim xob laim hluav taws xob yog thov rau cov windings ntawm lub transformer. Kev ntsuam xyuas feem ntau yog ua ob peb zaug (piv txwv li, 3 txog 6 cov kev sib txawv polarity), thiab kev kuaj yog nqa tawm ntawm cov kev sib txawv. Cov lus teb willform ntawm tus hloov pauv tau soj ntsuam los ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li oscilloscopes los xyuas qhov txawv txav thiab kev tawm suab thiab rwb thaiv tsev peebsum). Sau cov nqi voltage, waveform thiab teb ntawm txhua qhov cuam tshuam.

 

4.3 Npe Zaub

• Laim impulse theem

Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub cim lis thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yog KV

• Siv voltage theem

Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov cim AC thiab lub chaw hluav taws xob yog KV

Piv txwv li:

Ib qho 80mva 132 \/ 33kV Fais Fab hloov

Kev High Voltage: Li \/ Ac 650\/275 Kv

High voltage nruab nrab taw tes: lis \/ ac 320kv

Tsawg Voltage: Li \/ Ac 170\/70 KV

 

 

4.4 Cov Qauv

 

Iec	Mee	Cma
Iec {60076-3-2013} fais fab hloov pauv - Tshooj 3 Rwb thaiv tsev ntau theem thiab kev ua kom sab nraud ua rau muaj huab cua	Ieee C57.12. 00-2021	CSA C2. 1-06 (r2022)

 

 

5.1 Hloov Hloov Impulse withstand voltage, si

Lus Txhais

Qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws uas ib qho kev hloov pauv tau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam loj, thiab lwm yam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv hluav taws xob, tab sis lub sijhawm ntev dua.

•

Xyuas kom meej tias tus hloov pauv tau tuaj yeem ua yuam kev tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev ua txhaum nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (xws li qhib hluav taws xob).

 

5.2 Cov Qib Tawm Ib Feem Ua Yeeb Yam, PD

Lus Txhais

Kev tawm suab ib nrab yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib nrab ntawm diential dienticrictric uas tshwm sim sab hauv los yog feem ntau tsis hla lub electrode txuas.

•

Los ntawm kev ntsuas theem ntawm kev tawm tsam ib nrab, muaj peev xwm ua tsis taus los tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum me me los ntawm kev txhim kho mus rau hauv kev ua txhaum loj.

 

5.3 rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam IR

Lus Txhais

Ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig tsis kam ntawm cov winding thiab hauv av lossis nruab nrab ntawm txawv windings. Lub rwb thaiv tsev siab tiv thaiv, lub rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev.

•

Kev sim ntawm rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam yog siv rau kev txij nkawm txhua hnub, pab ntsuas kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev explerioration.

 

5.4 dissipation factor, tan Delta

Lus Txhais

Lub dielectric poob Factor (tan Δ) sawv cev rau hluav taws xob poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating, qhia txog lub zog poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab kev ua ntawm hluav taws xob teb.

•

Nws yog siv los soj ntsuam cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab kev laus qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv insulating. Ib qib siab dua Δ tus nqi yuav qhia tau kev laus lossis tsis meej nyob rau hauv cov kev rwb thaiv tsev.

 

5.5 thermal chav

Lus Txhais

Qhov ntau tshaj plaws uas insulating cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau ntev lub sijhawm ntev feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm kev sib txawv qib (B, F, H)

•

Nws yog siv rau xaiv thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv insulating kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis poob lawv cov kev ua haujlwm insulating ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub.

 

5.6 Kev Kub Siab Tshaj Tawm

Lus Txhais

Ntsuas qhov kub nce ntawm cov windings, cov tub ntxhais thiab rwb thaiv tsev kab ke ntawm cov transformer thaum nws ua haujlwm ntawm cov nqi ntsuas

•

Xyuas kom meej tias tus hloov pauv tsis muaj kev laus lossis tsis ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv insulating vim muaj kev khiav hauj lwm dhau los.

 

5.7 Croppage nrug thiab tshem tawm

Lus Txhais

Creepage nrug yog qhov kev ncua deb tshaj plaws ntawm ob qhov kev coj ua raws li insulating nto, thiab hluav taws xob kev txiav txim siab yog qhov deb tshaj plaws los ntawm huab cua uas hla ntawm ob qho chaw ua haujlwm.

•

Ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom txaus deb thiab hluav taws xob kev tshem tawm tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov paug ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov transformer hauv thaj chaw ntxeem lossis muaj kuab paug.

 

5.8 rwb thaiv tsev roj

Lus Txhais

Nws suav nrog cov ntsuas ntsuas xws li tawg voltage, acid muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cov ntsiab lus noo noo, tsom kwm cov roj rwb thaiv tsev thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov roj insulating.

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Qhov zoo ntawm insulating roj muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov qib rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tus hloov pauv. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov roj insulating tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ua txhaum.

 

Cov kev ntsuas no tau npog txhua yam ntawm cov ntawv rwb thaiv tsev transformer, los ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev tsim qauv tag nrho. Los ntawm kev ntsuas kev kawm thiab ntsuas kev ntsuas, nws ua kom cov hloov pauv tau muaj cov kev ua haujlwm ntau thiab tau txais kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha. Txhua qhov ntsuas kev cuam tshuam txog qee yam ntawm cov kev rwb thaiv tsev. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke cov ntsuas no, cov kev ntsuas ntawm cov transformer ntawm lub transformer tuaj yeem nkag siab tau kev ntsuas, kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv lub zog.